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For Introduction to Forensic Science courses offered by Forensic Science or Criminal Justice programs. Written by a renowned authority on forensic science, this text introduces the non-scientific student to the field of forensic science through an exploration of its applications to criminal investigations, and clear explanations of the techniques, abilities and limitations of the modern crime laboratory.

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Preface(p. xiii)
• About the Author(p. xvii)
• Chapter 1 Introduction(p. 1)
• Definition and Scope of Forensic Science(p. 1)
• History and Development of Forensic Science(p. 2)
• The Organization of a Crime Laboratory(p. 7)
• Services of the Crime Laboratory(p. 9)
• The Functions of the Forensic Scientist(p. 12)
• Other Forensic Science Services(p. 18)
• Review Questions(p. 23)
• Further References(p. 25)
• Case Reading(p. 26)
• Chapter 2 The Crime Scene(p. 34)
• Processing the Crime Scene(p. 34)
• Legal Considerations at the Crime Scene(p. 50)
• Review Questions(p. 52)
• Further References(p. 53)
• Case Reading(p. 54)
• Chapter 3 Physical Evidence(p. 62)
• Common Types of Physical Evidence(p. 62)
• The Significance of Physical Evidence(p. 63)
• Review Questions(p. 74)
• Further References(p. 75)
• Case Reading(p. 75)
• Chapter 4 Physical Properties: Glass and Soil(p. 89)
• The Metric System(p. 90)
• Physical Properties(p. 92)
• Comparing Glass Fragments(p. 99)
• Glass Fractures(p. 106)
• Collection and Preservation of Glass Evidence(p. 109)
• Forensic Characteristics of Soil(p. 111)
• Collection and Preservation of Soil Evidence(p. 114)
• Review Questions(p. 116)
• Further References(p. 117)
• Chapter 5 Organic Analysis(p. 119)
• Elements and Compounds(p. 119)
• Selecting an Analytical Technique(p. 123)
• Chromatography(p. 124)
• Spectrophotometry(p. 136)
• Mass Spectrometry(p. 143)
• Review Questions(p. 147)
• Further References(p. 148)
• Chapter 6 Inorganic Analysis(p. 150)
• Evidence in the Assassination of President Kennedy(p. 152)
• The Emission Spectrum of Elements(p. 154)
• Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer(p. 158)
• The Origin of Emission and Absorption Spectra(p. 159)
• Neutron Activation Analysis(p. 162)
• X-Ray Diffraction(p. 165)
• Review Questions(p. 167)
• Further References(p. 168)
• Chapter 7 The Microscope(p. 169)
• The Compound Microscope(p. 170)
• The Comparison Microscope(p. 174)
• The Stereoscopic Microscope(p. 175)
• The Polarizing Microscope(p. 176)
• The Microspectrophotometer(p. 178)
• The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)(p. 179)
• Review Questions(p. 184)
• Further References(p. 185)
• Case Reading(p. 186)
• Chapter 8 Hairs, Fibers, and Paint(p. 194)
• Morphology of Hair(p. 194)
• Identification and Comparison of Hair(p. 198)
• Collection and Preservation of Hair Evidence(p. 204)
• Types of Fibers(p. 205)
• Identification and Comparison of Man-Made Fibers(p. 210)
• Collection and Preservation of Fiber Evidence(p. 216)
• Forensic Examination of Paint(p. 219)
• Collection and Preservation of Paint Evidence(p. 228)
• Review Questions(p. 230)
• Further References(p. 231)
• Chapter 9 Drugs(p. 233)
• Drug Dependence(p. 234)
• Narcotic Drugs(p. 237)
• Hallucinogens(p. 240)
• Depressants(p. 245)
• Stimulants(p. 247)
• Club Drugs(p. 249)
• Anabolic Steroids(p. 250)
• Drug-Control Laws(p. 251)
• Drug Identification(p. 254)
• Collection and Preservation of Drug Evidence(p. 260)
• Review Questions(p. 261)
• Further References(p. 263)
• Chapter 10 Forensic Toxicology(p. 264)
• Toxicology of Alcohol(p. 265)
• The Role of the Toxicologist(p. 283)
• Techniques Used in Toxicology(p. 284)
• The Significance of Toxicological Findings(p. 288)
• The Drug Recognition Expert(p. 289)
• Review Questions(p. 293)
• Further References(p. 295)
• Chapter 11 Forensic Aspects of Arson and Explosion Investigations(p. 296)
• The Chemistry of Fire(p. 296)
• Searching the Fire Scene(p. 303)
• Collection and Preservation of Arson Evidence(p. 305)
• Analysis of Flammable Residues(p. 307)
• Types of Explosives(p. 311)
• Collection and Analysis of Explosives(p. 316)
• Review Questions(p. 324)
• Further References(p. 327)
• Chapter 12 Forensic Serology(p. 328)
• The Nature of Blood(p. 329)
• Immunoassay Techniques(p. 333)
• Forensic Characterization of Bloodstains(p. 336)
• Stain Patterns of Blood(p. 342)
• Principles of Heredity(p. 346)
• Forensic Characterization of Semen(p. 348)
• Collection of Rape Evidence(p. 352)
• Review Questions(p. 358)
• Further References(p. 360)
• Chapter 13 DNA: The Indispensable Forensic Science Tool(p. 361)
• What Is DNA?(p. 361)
• DNA at Work(p. 364)
• Replication of DNA(p. 366)
• Recombinant DNA: Cutting and Splicing DNA(p. 368)
• DNA Typing(p. 368)
• Mitochondrial DNA(p. 382)
• The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)(p. 389)
• The Collection and Preservation of Biological Evidence for DNA Analysis(p. 390)
• Review Questions(p. 397)
• Further References(p. 399)
• Case Reading(p. 399)
• Chapter 14 Fingerprints(p. 406)
• History of Fingerprinting(p. 406)
• Fundamental Principles of Fingerprints(p. 408)
• Classification of Fingerprints(p. 414)
• Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems(p. 415)
• Methods of Detecting Fingerprints(p. 417)
• Preservation of Developed Prints(p. 425)
• Digital Imaging for Fingerprint Enhancement(p. 426)
• Review Questions(p. 430)
• Further References(p. 431)
• Chapter 15 Firearms, Tool Marks, and Other Impressions(p. 432)
• Bullet Comparisons(p. 432)
• Cartridge Cases(p. 439)
• Automated Firearm Search Systems(p. 440)
• Gunpowder Residues(p. 444)
• Primer Residues on the Hands(p. 448)
• Serial Number Restoration(p. 451)
• Collection and Preservation of Firearm Evidence(p. 452)
• Tool Marks(p. 454)
• Other Impressions(p. 457)
• Review Questions(p. 464)
• Further References(p. 465)
• Chapter 16 Document and Voice Examination(p. 466)
• Handwriting Comparisons(p. 467)
• Collection of Handwriting Exemplars(p. 469)
• Typescript Comparisons(p. 471)
• Photocopier, Printer, and Fax Examination(p. 472)
• Alterations, Erasures, and Obliterations(p. 474)
• Other Document Problems(p. 478)
• Voice Examination(p. 480)
• Review Questions(p. 487)
• Further References(p. 488)
• Chapter 17 Forensic Science on the Internet(p. 489)
• What Is the Internet?(p. 490)
• Where to Go on the Internet(p. 491)
• Exploring Forensic Science on the WWW(p. 496)
• Web Sites You May Wish to Explore(p. 497)
• Review Questions(p. 502)
• Further References(p. 503)
• Chapter 18 The Future(p. 504)
• Further References(p. 510)
• Case Readings(p. 511)
• Appendices
• I Guides to the Collection of Physical Evidence--FBI(p. 543)
• II Instructions for Collecting Gunshot Residue (GSR)(p. 558)
• III FBI Policy for Submitting DNA Evidence(p. 560)
• IV Chromatographic and Spectrophotometric Parameters for Figures Contained within the Text(p. 562)
• V Chemical Formulas for Latent Fingerprint Development(p. 564)
• VI Chemical Formulas for Development of Footwear Impressions in Blood(p. 569)
• Answers(p. 573)
• Index(p. 579)

Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics

Richard Saferstein, Ph.D., retired in 1991 after serving 21 years as the Chief Forensic Scientist of the New Jersey State Police Laboratory, one of the largest crime laboratories in the United States. He currently acts as a consultant for attorneys and the media in the area of forensic science. During the O. J. Simpson criminal trial, Dr. Saferstein provided extensive commentary on forensic aspects of the case for the Rivera Live show, the E! television network, ABC radio, and various radio talk shows. Dr. Saferstein holds degrees from the City College of New York and earned his doctorate degree in chemistry in 1970 from the City University of New York. From 1972 to 1991, he taught an introductory forensic science course in the criminal justice programs at the College of New Jersey and Ocean County College. These teaching experiences played an influential role in Dr. Saferstein's authorship in 1977 of the widely used introductory textbook Criminalastics: An Introduction to Forensic Science, currently in this eighth edition. Saferstein's basic philosophy in writing Criminalistics is to make forensic science understandable and meaningful to the nonscience reader, while giving the reader an appreciation for the scientific principles that underlie the subject.

Dr. Saferstein currently teaches a course on the role of the expert witness in the courtroom at the law school of Widener University in Wilmington, Delaware. He has authored or co-authored more than 35 technical papers covering a variety of forensic topics. Dr. Saferstein has co-authored Lab Manual for Criminalistics (Prentice Hall, 2004) to be used in conjunction with this text. He has also edited the widely used professional reference books Forensic Science Handbook, Volume I, second edition (Prentice Hall, 2002) and Forensic Science Handbook, Volumes II and III (Prentice Hall, 1988, 1993). Dr. Saferstein is a member of the American Chemical Society, the American-Academy of Forensic Sciences, the Forensic Science Society of England, the Canadian Society of Forensic Scientists, the International Association for Identification, the Mid-Atlantic Association of Forensic Scientists, the Northeastern Association of Forensic Scientists, the Northwestern Association of Forensic Scientists, and the Society of Forensic Toxicologists.