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This is a thoroughly revised, updated and expanded 2002 edition of Ralph Penny's authoritative textbook, first published in 1991, which provides a clear and elegant account of the development of Spanish over the last 2,000 years. Although principally oriented towards 'internal' history, 'external' history is also considered and referred to throughout. In this new edition, as well as adding insights from more recent scholarship throughout the text, Professor Penny has added a chapter which discusses the nature of linguistic history, the concept of World Spanish, processes of convergence and divergence in Spanish, and the English/Spanish interface. This edition also contains a glossary of technical terms, guidance on further reading, and suggested topics for discussion.

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• 1 The Nature of Communication
• 2 The Elements of Communication in the Modern Organization
• 3 Elements of Effective Written Communication
• 4 The Process of Writing Busine

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CHOICE Review

Penny traces the development of the Spanish language from its pre-Roman origins to its present form. The author notes that "the book is concerned essentially with the internal history of Spanish (with what used to be called, rather forbidingly 'historical grammar'), although the external history of Spanish. . .is discussed at some length in the Introduction." The book is divided into four chapters, the first one dealing with phonological development. This chapter emphasizes the patterns of change from spoken Latin to medieval Spanish, and medieval to modern Spanish. The other three chapters deal with morpho-syntax, grammatical morphology, and lexical morphology. Similar to the works of Men'endez Pidal, Lapesa, Entwistle, and other scholars, Penny's book provides new and invaluable insights on the varieties of the Spanish language. Although this excellent book was designed as a textbook for college students, it will prove useful for scholars as well. Heartily recommended for all libraries.-J. A. Hernandez, Hood College