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Do you find biochemistry daunting? If so, this time-saving guide offers all the help you need. Compact, yet comprehensive, the second edition of BASIC CONCEPTS IN BIOCHEMISTRY breaks down the complexities of biochemistry into jargon-free, easy-to-remember steps that show you how biochemistry works.And unline reviews that emphasize memorization of facts, this book helps you master the topics that students find most difficult, building your understanding with explanations in everyday language. You'll comprehend the material and feel more comfortable applying it.Along with enhanced figures, the new edition contains two new chapters - one that outlines the concepts of membranes and membrane proteins, and another that focuses on signal transduction pathways.OTHER FEATURES TO LOOK FOR:Building-block format, providing clear connections between easier and more difficult topics; Empahsis on concepts - not facts - for a handle on any problem;Summary boxes, diagrams, and tables that speed review and clarify key points.BASIC CONCEPTS IN BIOCHEMISTRY has just one goal: to review the toughest concepts in biochemistry in an accessible format so your understanding is thorough and complete.Look for these other BASIC CONCEPTS titles: Cell biology; Embryology; Immunology; Pathology; Pharmacology.

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Preface(p. xiii)
• Prologue(p. xv)
• Chapter 1 Where to Start(p. 1)
• Instructions(p. 1)
• What Do I Need to Know?(p. 2)
• Instructions for Use(p. 2)
• Studying and Exams(p. 2)
• Trivia Sorter(p. 4)
• Chapter 2 Protein Structure(p. 6)
• Amino Acid Structure(p. 6)
• Interactions(p. 8)
• Water(p. 9)
• Hydrophobic Interaction(p. 9)
• van der Waals Interactions and London Dispersion Forces(p. 11)
• Hydrogen Bonds(p. 11)
• Secondary Structure(p. 12)
• Protein Stability(p. 15)
• Favorable (Good) Interactions(p. 17)
• Unfavorable (Bad) Interactions(p. 17)
• Temperature-Sensitive Mutations(p. 19)
• Ligand-Binding Specificity(p. 20)
• Global Conclusion(p. 21)
• Chapter 3 Membranes and Membrane Proteins(p. 22)
• General Membrane Function(p. 22)
• Membrane Composition(p. 23)
• Phospholipid Bilayer(p. 24)
• Membrane Structure(p. 25)
• Posttranslational Modification(p. 26)
• Membrane Fluidity(p. 27)
• Diffusion in Membranes(p. 28)
• Movement of Ions and Molecules Across Membranes(p. 28)
• Transport Across Membranes(p. 29)
• The Nernst Equation(p. 31)
• Chapter 4 DNA-RNA Structure(p. 35)
• DNA Structure(p. 35)
• DNA Stability(p. 37)
• RNA Secondary Structure(p. 38)
• Chapter 5 Expression of Genetic Information(p. 40)
• Information Metabolism(p. 40)
• Directions and Conventions(p. 41)
• DNA Replication(p. 42)
• Types of DNA Polymerase(p. 45)
• Recombination(p. 47)
• Regulation of Information Metabolism(p. 49)
• Transcription(p. 53)
• Regulation of Transcription(p. 55)
• Translation(p. 57)
• Use of High-Energy Phosphate Bonds During Translation(p. 60)
• Chapter 6 Recombinant-DNA Methodology(p. 61)
• Restriction Analysis(p. 61)
• Gels and Electrophoresis(p. 65)
• Blotting(p. 67)
• Restriction Fragment-Length Polymorphism(p. 69)
• Cloning(p. 70)
• Sequencing(p. 73)
• Mutagenesis(p. 75)
• Polymerase Chain Reaction(p. 76)
• Chapter 7 Enzyme Mechanism(p. 80)
• Active Site(p. 81)
• Transition State(p. 81)
• Catalysis(p. 83)
• Lock and Key(p. 83)
• Induced Fit(p. 83)
• Nonproductive Binding(p. 85)
• Entropy(p. 87)
• Strain and Distortion(p. 88)
• Transition-State Stabilization(p. 88)
• Transition-State Analogs(p. 91)
• Chemical Catalysis(p. 93)
• Chapter 8 Enzyme Kinetics(p. 95)
• S, P, and E (Substrate, Product, Enzyme)(p. 96)
• Amounts and Concentrations(p. 96)
• Active Site(p. 97)
• Assay(p. 98)
• Velocity(p. 98)
• Initial Velocity(p. 100)
• Mechanism(p. 101)
• Little k's(p. 102)
• Michaelis-Menten Equation(p. 103)
• V[subscript max](p. 106)
• K[subscript cat](p. 106)
• K[subscript m](p. 107)
• Special Points(p. 107)
• k[subscript cat]/K[subscript m](p. 107)
• Rate Accelerations(p. 108)
• Steady-State Approximation(p. 109)
• Transformations and Graphs(p. 111)
• Inhibition(p. 112)
• Allosterism and Cooperativity(p. 117)
• The Monod-Wyman-Changeaux Model(p. 119)
• Chapter 9 Signal Transduction Pathways(p. 123)
• Signal Transduction Pathways(p. 123)
• Organization(p. 124)
• Signals(p. 125)
• Receptors(p. 126)
• Soluble Receptors(p. 126)
• Transmembrane Receptors(p. 128)
• Enzyme Coupled Receptors(p. 128)
• G-Protein Coupled Receptors(p. 131)
• Ion-Channel Coupled Receptors(p. 132)
• Second Messengers(p. 133)
• Amplifiers(p. 136)
• Integrators(p. 137)
• Inhibitors(p. 138)
• Chapter 10 Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis(p. 141)
• Glycolysis Function(p. 143)
• Glycolysis Location(p. 143)
• Glycolysis Connections(p. 143)
• Glycolysis Regulation(p. 143)
• Glycolysis ATP Yields(p. 144)
• Glycolysis Equations(p. 144)
• Effect of Arsenate(p. 144)
• Lactate or Pyruvate(p. 145)
• Gluconeogenesis Function(p. 145)
• Gluconeogenesis Location(p. 145)
• Gluconeogenesis Connections(p. 145)
• Gluconeogenesis Regulation(p. 146)
• Gluconeogenesis ATP Costs(p. 146)
• Gluconeogenesis Equations(p. 146)
• Chapter 11 Glycogen Synthesis and Degradation(p. 147)
• Function(p. 147)
• Location(p. 147)
• Connections(p. 148)
• Regulation(p. 148)
• ATP Yield(p. 150)
• ATP Cost(p. 150)
• Molecular Features(p. 150)
• Chapter 12 TCA Cycle(p. 153)
• TCA Cycle(p. 153)
• Chapter 13 Fat Synthesis and Degradation(p. 155)
• Fatty Acid Synthesis Function(p. 156)
• Fatty Acid Synthesis Location(p. 156)
• Fatty Acid Synthesis Connections(p. 157)
• Fatty Acid Synthesis Regulation(p. 157)
• Fatty Acid Synthesis ATP Costs (for C[subscript 16])(p. 157)
• Fatty Acid Synthesis Equation(p. 159)
• Elongation and Desaturation(p. 160)
• Triglyceride and Phospholipid Synthesis(p. 162)
• [beta]-Oxidation Function(p. 164)
• [beta]-Oxidation Location(p. 164)
• Carnitine Shuttle(p. 164)
• [beta]-Oxidation Connections(p. 164)
• [beta]-Oxidation Regulation(p. 164)
• [beta]-Oxidation ATP Yield(p. 166)
• [beta]-Oxidation Equation(p. 167)
• [beta]-Oxidation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids(p. 168)
• [beta]-Oxidation of Odd-Chain-Length Fatty Acids(p. 172)
• Chapter 14 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation(p. 173)
• Oxidation and Reduction(p. 173)
• The Electron Transport Chain(p. 174)
• Connections(p. 176)
• Regulation(p. 178)
• P/O Ratios(p. 178)
• Uncouplers(p. 179)
• Inhibitors(p. 180)
• Chapter 15 Pentose Phosphate Pathway(p. 183)
• Pentose Phosphate Pathway(p. 183)
• Chapter 16 Amino Acid Metabolism(p. 186)
• Nonessential Amino Acid Synthesis(p. 186)
• Essential Amino Acids(p. 187)
• Amino Acid Degradation(p. 187)
• Generalities of Amino Acid Catabolism(p. 187)
• Products of Amino Acid Degradation(p. 188)
• Chapter 17 Integration of Energy Metabolism(p. 190)
• Integrating Metabolic Pathways(p. 191)
• ATP(p. 192)
• Glucose(p. 192)
• Storage Molecules(p. 193)
• Metabolic States and Signals(p. 194)
• Insulin(p. 195)
• Glucagon(p. 196)
• Epinephrine(p. 197)
• Secondary Signals(p. 198)
• Generalities of Metabolism(p. 199)
• Phosphorylation(p. 202)
• Glycogen(p. 204)
• Metabolic Movements of Glycogen(p. 205)
• Fat(p. 207)
• Metabolic Movements of Fat(p. 207)
• Protein(p. 209)
• Metabolic Movements of Protein(p. 209)
• Tissue Cooperation(p. 211)
• Liver(p. 212)
• Muscle(p. 212)
• Adipose(p. 212)
• Brain(p. 213)
• Connection of Storage Pools(p. 213)
• Feeding(p. 214)
• Fasting(p. 214)
• Starvation(p. 217)
• Excitement(p. 219)
• Interorgan Cycles(p. 221)
• Cori Cycle(p. 221)
• Alanine Cycle(p. 222)
• Ketone Bodies(p. 223)
• Chapter 18 Urea Cycle(p. 225)
• Urea Cycle(p. 225)
• Chapter 19 Purine Metabolism(p. 227)
• Purine Synthesis(p. 227)
• Purine Salvage(p. 228)
• Deoxynucleotides(p. 228)
• Purine Degradation(p. 229)
• Chapter 20 Pyrimidine Metabolism(p. 230)
• Pyrimidine Synthesis(p. 230)
• Pyrimidine Salvage(p. 231)
• Pyrimidine Degradation(p. 232)
• Chapter 21 One-Carbon Metabolism(p. 233)
• One-Carbon Metabolism(p. 233)
• Oxidation States of Carbon(p. 233)
• Chapter 22 Tracking Carbons(p. 236)
• Glucose to Pyruvate(p. 236)
• TCA Cycle(p. 238)
• Chapter 23 ph, pK[subscript A], Problems(p. 241)
• Proton: H[superscript +] or H[subscript 3]O[superscript +](p. 242)
• Acid(p. 242)
• Base(p. 242)
• Not All Acids and Bases Are Created Equal(p. 243)
• pK[subscript a] = -log (K[subscript a])(p. 244)
• Weak Acids Make Strong Bases (and Vice Versa)(p. 244)
• Who Gets the Proton?(p. 245)
• Don't Forget Stoichiometry(p. 245)
• The Sadistic Little p(p. 246)
• Taking log[subscript 10](x)(p. 247)
• Taking -log[subscript 10](x)(p. 247)
• pH = -log[subscript 10] [H[superscript +]](p. 248)
• pK[subscript a] = - log[subscript 10] (K[subscript a])(p. 248)
• Buffers(p. 248)
• Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation(p. 249)
• Titration Curves(p. 250)
• plIsoelectric Point(p. 254)
• The Bicarbonate Buffer(p. 255)
• Imbalance in Blood pH(p. 257)
• Acidosis and Alkalosis(p. 258)
• Chapter 24 Thermodynamics and Kinetics(p. 261)
• Thermodynamics(p. 261)
• Free Energy(p. 263)
• Adding Free-Energy Changes(p. 268)
• Coupling Free Energies(p. 268)
• Thermodynamic Cycles(p. 269)
• [Delta]G = [Delta]H - T[Delta]S(p. 272)
• Driving Force(p. 273)
• Kinetics(p. 275)
• Velocity(p. 275)
• Transition State Theory(p. 276)
• Rate Constants(p. 277)
• Rate Constants and Mechanism(p. 283)
• Appendix(p. 284)
• Glossary(p. 287)
• Index(p. 319)