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"A Market Leading, Traditional Approach to Organic Chemistry" Throughout all seven editions, Organic Chemistry has been designed to meet the needs of the "mainstream," two-semester, undergraduate organic chemistry course. This best-selling text gives students a solid understanding of organic chemistry by stressing how fundamental reaction mechanisms function and reactions occur. With the addition of handwritten solutions, new cutting-edge molecular illustrations, updated spectroscopy coverage, seamless integration of molecular modeling exercises, and state-of-the-art multimedia tools, the 7th edition of Organic Chemistry clearly offers the most up-to-date approach to the study of organic chemistry.

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• Chapter 1 Structure Determines Properties
• 1.1 Atoms, Electrons, and Orbitals
• 1.2 Ionic Bonds
• 1.3 Covalent Bonds, Lewis Structures, and the Ocelet Rule
• 1.4 Double Bonds and Triple Bonds
• 1.5 Polar Covalent Bonds and Electronegativity Electrostatic Potential Maps
• 1.6 Structural Formuala of Organic Molecules
• 1.7 Formal Charge
• 1.8 Resonance
• 1.9 The Shape of Some Simple Molecules Molecular Modeling
• 1.10 Molecular Dipole Moments
• 1.11 Curved Arrows and Chemical Reactions
• 1.12 Acids and Bases: The Arrhenius View
• 1.13 Acids and Bases: The Brønsted-Lowry View
• 1.14 What Happened to pKb?
• 1.15 How Structure Affects Acid Strength
• 1.16 Acid-Base Equilibria
• 1.17 Lewis Acids and Lewis Bases
• 1.18 Summary Problems Descriptive Passage and Interpretive Problems 1: Amide Lewis Structures
• Chapter 2 Alkanes and Cycloakanes: Introduction to Hydrocarbons
• 2.1 Classes of Hydrocarbons
• 2.2 Electron Waves and Chemical Bonds
• 2.3 Bonding in H2: The Valence Bond Model
• 2.4 Bonding in H2: The Molecular Orbital Model
• 2.5 Introduction to Alkanes: Methane, Ethane, and Propane Methane and the Biosphere
• 2.6 sp3 Hybridization and Bonding in Methane
• 2.7 Bonding in Ethane
• 2.8 Isomeric Alkanes: The Butanes
• 2.9 Higher n -Alkanes
• 2.10 The C5H12 Isomers
• 2.11 IUPAC Nomenclature of Unbranched Alkanes What''s in a Name? Organic Nonmenclature
• 2.12 Applying the IUPAC Rules: The Names of the C6H14 Isomers
• 2.13 Alkyl Groups
• 2.14 IUPAC Names of Highly Branched Alkanes
• 2.15 Cycloalkane Nomenclature
• 2.16 Sources of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
• 2.17 Physical Properties of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
• 2.18 Chemical Properties. Combustion of Alkanes
• 2.19 Oxidation-Reduction in Organic Chemistry Thermochemistry
• 2.20 sp2 Hybridization and Bonding in Ethylene
• 2.21 sp Hybridization and Bonding in Acetylene
• 2.22 Which Theory of Chemical Bonding is Best?
• 2.23 Summary Problems Descriptive Passage and Interpretive Problems 2: Some Biochemical Reactions of Alkanes
• Chapter 3 Alkanes andCycloalkanes: Conformations and cis-trans Stereoisomers
• 3.1 Conformational Analysis of Ethane
• 3.2 Conformational Analysis of Butane Molecular Mechanics Applied to Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
• 3.3 Conformations of Higher Alkanes
• 3.4 The Shapes of Cycloalkanes: Planar or Nonplanar
• 3.5 Small Rings: Cyclopropane and Cyclobutane
• 3.6 Cyclopentane
• 3.7 Conformations of Cyclohexane
• 3.8 Axial and Equatorial Bonds in Cyclohexane
• 3.9 Conformational Inversion (Ring Flipping) in Cyclohexane
• 3.10 Conformational Analysis of Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes
• 3.11 Disubstituted Cycloalkanes. Stereoisomers Enthalpy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium Constant
• 3.12 Conformational Analysis of Disubstituted Cyclohexanes
• 3.13 Medium and Large Rings
• 3.14 Polycyclic Ring Systems
• 3.15 Heterocyclic Compounds
• 3.16 Summary Problems Descriptive Passage and Interpretive Problems 3: Cylic Forms of Carbohydrates
• Chapter 4 Alcohols and Alkyl Halides
• 4.1 Functional Groups
• 4.2 IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides
• 4.3 IUPAC Nomenclature of Alcohols
• 4.4 Classes of Alcohols and Alkyl Halides
• 4.5 Bonding in Alcohols and Alkyl Halides
• 4.6 Physical Properties of Alcohols and Alkyl Halides: Intermolecular Forces
• 4.7 Preparation of Alkyl Halides From Alcohols and Hydrogen Halides
• 4.8 Mechanism of the Reaction of Alcohols with Hydrogen Halides
• 4.9 Potential Energy Diagrams for Multistep Reactions. The SN1 Mechanism
• 4.10 Structure, Bonding, and Stability of Carbocations
• 4.11 Effect of Alcohol Structure on Reaction Rate
• 4.12 Reaction of Primary Alcohols with Hydrogen Halides. The SN2 Mechanism
• 4.13 Other Methods for Converting Alcohols to Alkyl Halides
• 4.14 Halogenation of Alkanes
• 4.15 Chlorination of Methane
• 4.16 Structure and Stability of Free Radicals
• 4.17 Mechanism of Methane Chlorination
• 4.18 Halogenation of Higher Alkanes From Bond Enthalpies to Heats of Reaction
• 4.19 Summary Problems Descriptive Passage and Interpretive Problems 4: More About Potential Energy Diagrams
• Chapter 5 Structure and Preparation of Alkenes: Elimination Reactions
• 5.1 Alkene Nomenclature
• 5.2 Structure and Bonding in Alkenes Ethylene
• 5.3 Isomerism in Alkenes
• 5.4 Naming Stereoisomeric Alkenes by the E-Z Notational System
• 5.5 Physical Properties on Alkenes
• 5.6 Relative Stabilities of Alkenes
• 5.7 Cycloalkenes
• 5.8 Preparations of Alkenes: Elimination Reactions
• 5.9 Dehydration of Alcohols
• 5.10 Regioselectivity in Alcohol Dehydration: The Zaitsev Rule
• 5.11 Stereoselectivity in Alcohol Dehydration
• 5.12 The E1 and E2 Mechanisms of Alcohol Dehydration
• 5.13 Rearrangements in Alcohol Dehydration
• 5.14 Dehydrohalogenation of Alkyl Halides
• 5.15 The E2 Mechanism of Dehydrohalogenation of Alkyl Halides
• 5.16 Anti Elimination in E2 Reactions: Stereoelectronic Effects
• 5.17 Isotope Effects and the E2 Mechanism
• 5.18 The E1 Mechanism of Dehydrohalogenation of Alkyl Halides
• 5.19 Summary Problems Descriptive Passage and Interpretive Problems 5: A Mechanistic Preview of Addition Reactions
• Chapter 6 Reactions of Alkenes
• 6.1 Hydrogenation of Alkenes
• 6.2 Heats of Hydrogenation
• 6.3 Stereochemistry of Alkene Hydrogenation
• 6.4 Electrophilic Addition of Hydrogen Halides to Alkenes
• 6.5 Regioselectivity of Hydrogen Halide Addition: Markovnikov''s Rule
• 6.6 Mechanistic Basis for Markovnikov''s Rule Rules, Laws, Theories, and the Scientific Method
• 6.7 Carbocation Rearrangements in Hydrogen Halide Addition to Alkenes
• 6.8 Free-Radical Addition of Hydrogen Bromide to Alkenes
• 6.9 Addition of Sulfuric Acid to Alkenes
• 6.10 Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes
• 6.11 Thermodynamics of Addition - Elimination Equilibria
• 6.12 Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes
• 6.13 Stereochemistry of Hydroboration-Oxidation
• 6.14 Mechanism of Hydroboration-Oxidation
• 6.15 Addition of Halogens to Alkenes
• 6.16 Stereochemistry of Halogen Addition
• 6.17 Mechanism of Halogen Addition to Alkenes: Halonium Ions
• 6.18 Conversion of Alkenes to Vicinal Halohydrins
• 6.19 Epoxidation of Alkenes
• 6.20 Ozonolysis of Alkenes
• 6.21 Introduction to Organic Chemical Synthesis
• 6.22 Reactions of Alkenes with Alkenes: Polymerization Ethylene and Propane: The Most Important Industrial Organic Chemicals
• 6.23 Summary Problems Descriptive Passage and Interpretive Problems 6: Some Unusual Electrophilic Additions
• Chapter 7 Stereochemistry
• 7.1 Molecular Chirality: Enantiomers
• 7.2 The Chirality Center
• 7.3 Symmetry in Achiral Structures
• 7.4 Optical Activity
• 7.5 Absolute and Relative Configuration
• 7.6 The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog R-S Notation System
• 7.7 Fischer Projections
• 7.8 Properties of Enantiomers Chiral Drugs
• 7.9 Reactions That Create a Chirality Center
• 7.10 Chiral Molecules With Two Chirality Centers
• 7.11 Achiral Molecules With Two Chirality Centers
• 7.12 Molecules With Multiple Chirality Centers Chirality of Disubstituted Cyclohexanes
• 7.13 Reactions That Produce Diastereomers
• 7.14 Resolution of Enantiomers
• 7.15 Stereoregular Polymers
• 7.16 Chirality Centers Other Than Carbon
• 7.17 Summary Problems Descriptive Passage and Interpretive Problems 7: Prochirality
• Chapter 8 Nucleophilic Substitution
• 8.1 Functional Group Transformation by Nucleophilic Substitution
• 8.2 Relative Reactivity of Halide Leaving Groups
• 8.3 The SN2 Mechanism of Nucleophilic Substitution
• 8.4 Steric Effects and SN2 Reaction Rates
• 8.5 Nucleophiles and Nucleophilicity
• 8.6 The SN1 Mechanism of Nucleophilic Substitution Enzyme-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitution of Alkyl Halides
• 8.7 Carbocation Stability and SN1 Reaction Rates