Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• 1 Introduction
• The Phylum Chordata: The Big Four
• The Craniate Body: General Plan
• Craniate Characteristics
• Vertebrate Characteristics
• Structures Common to Craniates
• Other Vertebrate Characteristics
• 2 Concepts, Premises, and Pioneers
• Pattern and Process
• Adaptation
• Speciation
• Evolutionary Convergence
• Development
• Metamorphosis and Heterochrony
• Systematics and Taxonomy
• Organic Evolution and Evolutionary Selection
• Anatomy From Galen to Darwin
• Words to Ponder
• 3 Protochordates and the Origin of Craniates
• Protochordates
• The Origin of Craniates
• The Ammocoete: A Vertebrate Larva
• Heterochrony and the Relationship Between Amphioxus and Vertebrates
• 4 Parade of the Craniates in Time and Taxa
• Craniate Taxa
• Agnatha
• Gnathostomes: Placoderms
• Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fishes)
• Acanthodians and Osteichthyans (Spiny Fishes and Bony Fishes)
• Actinopterygii (Ray-Finned Fishes)
• Sarcopterygii (Lobe-Finned Fishes)
• Amphibia
• Amniotes (Reptiles and Synapsids)
• Reptilia (Sauropsida)
• Synapsids
• Variation Among Individuals
• 5 Early Craniate Morphogenesis
• Craniate Eggs
• Early Development of Representative Chordates
• Fate of the Ectoderm
• Fate of the Endoderm
• Fate of the Mesoderm
• Significance of the Germ Layers
• Extraembryonic Membranes
• 6 Integument
• Preview: Skin of the Eft
• The Epidermis
• The Dermis
• The Integument From Fishes to Mammals
• Some Roles of the Integument
• 7 Mineralized Tissues: An Introduction to the Skeleton
• Bone
• Cartilage
• Skeletal Remodeling
• Tendons, Ligaments, and Joints
• Mineralized Tissues and the Invertebrates
• Regional Components of the Skeleton
• Heterotopic Bones
• 8 Vertebrae, Ribs, and Sterna
• Vertebral Column
• Ribs
• Tetrapod Sternum
• 9 Skull and Visceral Skeleton
• Neurocranium
• Generalized Dermatocramium
• Neurocranial-Dermatocranial Complex of Bony Fishes
• Neurocranial-Dermatocranial Complex of Modern Tetrapods
• Visceral Skeleton
• Perspective
• 10 Girdles, Fins, Limbs, and Locomotion
• Pectoral Girdles
• Pelvic Girdles
• Fins
• Tetrapod Limbs
• 11 Muscles
• Muscle Tissues and Major Categories of Muscles
• Introduction to Skeletal Muscles
• Axial Muscles
• Appendicular Muscles
• Somitomeric nad Somitic Muscles of the Head
• Integumentary Muscles
• Electric Organs
• 12 Digestive System
• Procuring Food
• The Digestive Tract: An Overview
• Mouth and Oral Cavity
• Pharynx
• Morphology of the Gut Wall
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Intestine
• Liver and Gallbladder
• Exocrine Pancreas
• Cloaca
• 13 Respiratory System
• Principles of Diffusion
• Gills
• Nares and Nasal Canals
• Swim Bladders and the Origin of Lungs
• Lungs and Their Ducts
• 14 Circulatory System
• Development
• Blood
• The Heart and Its Evolution
• Arterial Channels and Their Modifications
• Venous Channels and Their Modifications
• Circulation in the Mammalian Fetus, and Changes at Birth
• Systematic Summary of Respiration and Circulation
• Lymphatic System
• 15 Urogential System
• Kidneys and Their Ducts
• Urinary Bladders
• Genital Organs
• Cloaca
• 16 Nervous System
• Neuron
• Growth and Differentiation of the Nervous System
• Neuroglia and Neurilemma
• Spinal Cord
• Spinal Nerves
• Brain
• Cranial Nerves
• Autonomic Nervous System
• Segmentation of the Craniate Head
• 17 Sense Organs
• Special Somatic Receptors
• Special Chemoreceptors
• General Somatic Receptors
• General Visceral Receptors
• 18 Endocrine Organs
• Endocrine Role of the Nervous System
• Endocrine Organs Derived From Ectoderm
• Endocrine Organs Derived from Mesoderm
• Endocrine Organs Derived from Endoderm
• Hormonal Control of Biological Rhythms
• Appendix
• Glossary
• Index