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This text critiques economists' conceptions of justice from a philosophical perspective and philosophical theories of distributive justice from an economic one. He unites the economist's skill in constructing precise axiomatic models with the philosopher's in exploring the assumptions of those models. His synthesis should enable philosophers and economists to engage each other's ideas more fruitfully.

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• Acknowledgments
• Introduction
• The Measurement of Utility and Arrow's Theorem
• The Measurability and Comparability of Utility
• The Arrow Impossibility Theorem
• Reformulation of the Impossibility Theorem with Utility Functions
• The Connection between Arrovian Social Choice and Distributive Justice
• Social Choice on Economic Environments
• Conclusion Axiomatic Bargaining Theory
• Justice as Rational Prudence
• The Nash Bargaining Solution
• Other Axiomatizations of the Nash Solution
• The Kalai-Smorodinsky and Egalitarian Solutions
• A Criticism from the Economic Point of View
• Conclusion Axiomatic Mechanism Theory on Economic Environments
• Introduction
• The Domain of Economic Environments
• Axioms and Theorems on Economic Environments
• Proofs of Theorems
• Naming Utility and Goods
• Conclusion Utilitarianism
• Introduction
• Maskin's Theorem
• The Representation Theorems of Harsanyi and Myerson
• Utilitarianism from behind the Veil of Ignorance
• An Implication for the Interpretation of Individual Optimization under Uncertainty
• Optimal Population Size
• Conclusion Primary Goods, Fundamental Preferences, and Functionings
• Countering Utilitarianism
• Primary Goods, Welfare, and Equality
• Rawls's Arguments for Maximin (the Difference Principle)
• The Cohen Criticism
• Kolm's Fundamental Preferences
• Functionings and Capability
• Equality of Functionings or Primary Goods: An Alternative Approach
• Conclusion Neo-Lockeanism and Self-Ownership
• Nozick's Theory of Distributive Justice
• Challenges to Nozick
• Joint Ownership of the External World
• Generalizations of Locke on Economic Environments
• Implementation
• The Morality of Self-Ownership
• Conclusion Equality of Welfare versus Equality of Resources
• Introduction
• Dworkin on Equality of Welfare
• Countering Dworkin's Central Argument against Equality of Welfare
• Dworkin's Definition of Equality of Resources
• An Axiomatic Approach to Equality of Resources
• Conclusion Equality of Opportunity for Welfare
• Relocating Dworkin's Cut, 1
• Relocating Dworkin's Cut, 2
• Equality of Opportunity: An Example
• Equality of Opportunity: A Formalization
• A Discrete Formulation of Equality of Opportunity
• Examples of the EOp Mechanism
• Related Approaches to Equality of Opportunity
• Conclusion
• Appendix
• Appendix: Envy-Free Allocations
• References
• Index

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Library Journal Review

Roemer maintains that the work of economists and philosophers on distributive justice can benefit from mutual acquaintance. He first discusses approaches influential among economists, such as Arrow's Impossibility Theorem and Nash's Axiomatic Bargaining Theory. He effectively shows that these approaches, if viewed as complete theories of justice, make assumptions that are vulnerable to philosophical criticism. He next turns to philosophers' views, including the theories of Rawls, Dworkin, and G.A. Cohen, applying economic analysis in an effort to clarify them. Although he devotes one chapter to Nozick's Lockean account, he concentrates almost entirely on egalitarian theories but fails to discuss challenges to their fundamental assumptions. Nevertheless, the book is valuable, although it will be hard going for all but specialists.-David Gordon, Bowling Green State Univ., Ohio (c) Copyright 2010. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.

CHOICE Review

The political economy of the 18th and 19th centuries combined the concept of the market with that of a just distribution of the market outcome. Modern economists have in many cases found questions of justice incompatible with economic efficiency. Private property rights will ensure a Walrasian equilibrium, and efforts at redistribution require unacceptable interpersonal utility comparisons or compromises in efficiency. Roemer (Univ. of California, Davis) brings the analytic rigor of the axiomatic approach of the economist to a philosophic discussion of justice. While for many the analytics will be beyond more than an intuitive understanding, in other places the verbal explanations by an economist of philosophic concepts is quite enlightening. From the work of Rawls, Nozick, Dworkin, Arneson and Cohen, Roemer develops a theory of equality of opportunity; unlike many economic theories, it includes population size as a determinant. Clearly there is a need for economists and philosophers to communicate more, which requires a common language. At a sophisticated level Roemer bridges the gap. Economists may find it surprising that relatively little attention is given to the concept of "nonenvy." This book will be of interest to economic theorists and philosophers. Graduate and research collections. J. F. O'Connell College of the Holy Cross