Organic chemistry an intermediate text Robert V. Hoffman.
Series Topics in organic chemistryDetalles de publicación: New York Oxford University Press 1997.Descripción: xii, 322 p. ill. 25 cmISBN:- 0195096185 (acid-free paper)
- 547 20
- QD251.2 .H58 1997
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| Libro | Biblioteca Encarnación Valdés Colección General bev | 547 H711o (Navegar estantería(Abre debajo)) | c.2 | Disponible | 80000002079880 | |||||||||||||
| Libro | Biblioteca Encarnación Valdés Colección General bev | 547 H711o (Navegar estantería(Abre debajo)) | Disponible | 80000002009069 |
Descripciones mejoradas de Syndetics:
Organic Chemistry: An Intermediate Text provides a focused yet rigorous presentation of organic chemistry which bridges the gap between introductory undergraduate texts and advanced graduate level texts. Instead of a functional group approach, the material is presented from a structural and mechanistic point of view. The first five chapters discuss basic principles which are fundamental in understanding organic reactions and reactivity of all types. These principles include structure and bonding, oxidation levels, acidity and basicity, curved arrow notation, and stereochemistry and conformation. Subsequent topics are based on these fundamental principles and include functional group manipulation, strategies and methods for forming carbon-carbon bonds, and retrosynthetic analysis. Chapters on methods for determining reaction mechanisms and methods for organic structure determination round out the subject matter and provide additional insight into modern ways to investigate organic transformations. A large number of practice problems are included at the end of each chapter so that students may effectively learn and organize the information presented in the text. Clearly written and logically organized, this unique textbook provides senior undergraduate chemistry students and beginning graduate students with the advanced organic foundation necessary to move confidently into advanced graduate level courses or directly into the workplace.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Functional groups and chemical bonding -- Oxidation states of organic compounds -- Acidity and basicity -- Curved-arrow notation -- Stereochemistry and conformation -- Functional group synthesis -- Carbon-carbon bond formation between carbon nucleophiles and carbon electrophiles -- Carbon-carbon bond formation by nonpolar reactions: free radicals and cycloadditions -- Planning organic syntheses -- Mechanisms of organic reactions -- Structure determination of organic compounds.
Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics
- Preface(p. xiii)
- Preface to the First Edition(p. xv)
- 1 Functional Groups and Chemical Bonding(p. 1)
- Functional Groups(p. 1)
- Orbitals(p. 5)
- Bonding Schemes(p. 7)
- Antibonding Orbitals(p. 13)
- Resonance(p. 18)
- Conjugated [pi] Systems(p. 21)
- Aromaticity(p. 23)
- Bibliography(p. 26)
- Problems(p. 27)
- 2 Oxidation States of Organic Compounds(p. 32)
- Oxidation Levels(p. 32)
- Oxidation States in Alkanes(p. 34)
- Oxidation States in Alkenes(p. 34)
- Oxidation States in Common Functional Groups(p. 35)
- Oxidation Level Changes During Reactions(p. 35)
- Bibliography(p. 41)
- Problems(p. 41)
- 3 Acidity and Basicity(p. 47)
- Bronsted and Lewis Acids and Bases(p. 47)
- Acid Strength(p. 49)
- Acid-Base Equilibria(p. 53)
- Amphoteric Compounds(p. 56)
- Structural Effects on Acidity(p. 56)
- Electronegativity(p. 58)
- Inductive Effects(p. 59)
- Resonance Effects(p. 61)
- Bibliography(p. 63)
- Problems(p. 63)
- 4 Curved-Arrow Notation(p. 69)
- Electron Movement(p. 69)
- Heterolytic Bond Cleavages(p. 70)
- Heterolytic Bond Formation(p. 71)
- Homolytic Bond Making and Bond Breaking(p. 73)
- Resonance Structures(p. 75)
- Depiction of Mechanism(p. 76)
- Bibliography(p. 82)
- Problems(p. 82)
- 5 Mechanisms of Organic Reactions(p. 86)
- Activation Energy(p. 87)
- Activated Complex(p. 88)
- Reaction Energetics(p. 89)
- Structure of the Activated Complex(p. 91)
- Hammond Postulate(p. 96)
- Reaction Kinetics(p. 99)
- Determining Activation Energies(p. 104)
- Isotope Effects(p. 105)
- Electronic Effects(p. 110)
- Hammett Equation(p. 111)
- Bibliography(p. 118)
- Problems(p. 118)
- 6 Stereochemical and Conformational Isomerism(p. 124)
- Stereochemical Structures(p. 125)
- Chirality(p. 128)
- Configuration of Chiral Centers(p. 129)
- Multiple Stereocenters(p. 132)
- Optical Activity(p. 137)
- Absolute Configuration(p. 138)
- Physical Properties of Enantiomers(p. 139)
- Resolution of Enantiomers(p. 140)
- Stereoselective Reactions(p. 144)
- Formation of Enantiomers(p. 144)
- Formation of Diastereomers(p. 146)
- Stereochemistry to Deduce Mechanism(p. 152)
- Conformational Analysis(p. 157)
- Conformational Energies(p. 164)
- A Values(p. 166)
- Strain in Ring Systems(p. 167)
- Stereoelectronic Effects(p. 172)
- Bibliography(p. 176)
- Problems(p. 176)
- 7 Functional Group Synthesis(p. 183)
- Functional Group Manipulation(p. 183)
- Carboxylic Acids(p. 185)
- Esters(p. 188)
- Amides(p. 190)
- Acid Chlorides(p. 191)
- Aldehydes(p. 192)
- Ketones(p. 194)
- Imines and Imine Derivatives(p. 197)
- Alcohols(p. 198)
- Amines(p. 201)
- Alkenes(p. 203)
- Alkanes(p. 207)
- Bibliography(p. 208)
- Problems(p. 209)
- 8 Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation between Carbon Nucleophiles and Carbon Electrophiles(p. 216)
- Synthetic Strategy(p. 217)
- Nucleophilic Carbon(p. 218)
- Electrophilic Carbon(p. 220)
- Reactivity Matching(p. 223)
- Generation of Nucleophilic Carbon Reagents(p. 224)
- Generation of Electrophilic Carbon Reagents(p. 227)
- Matching Nucleophiles with Electrophiles(p. 227)
- Enolates(p. 228)
- Enolate Regioisomers(p. 234)
- Diastereoselection in Aldol Reactions(p. 236)
- Organometallic Compounds(p. 239)
- Neutral Carbon Nucleophiles(p. 239)
- C=C Formation(p. 242)
- Cyclopropanation Reactions(p. 244)
- Metal-Catalyzed Carbon--Carbon Bond Formation(p. 246)
- Pd(0)-Catalyzed Carbon--Carbon Bond Formation(p. 247)
- Heck Reaction(p. 251)
- Suzuki Coupling(p. 253)
- Stille Coupling(p. 254)
- Olefin Metathesis(p. 256)
- Bibliography(p. 261)
- Problems(p. 262)
- 9 Carbon--Carbon Bond Formation by Free-Radical Reactions(p. 272)
- Free-Radical Reactions(p. 272)
- Free-Radical Polymerization(p. 277)
- Nonpolymerization Reactions(p. 278)
- Free-Radical Initiation(p. 280)
- Free-Radical Cyclization(p. 283)
- Bibliography(p. 288)
- Problems(p. 288)
- 10 Planning Organic Syntheses(p. 292)
- Retrosynthetic Analysis(p. 292)
- Carbon Skeleton Synthesis(p. 296)
- Umpolung Synthons(p. 302)
- Acetylide Nucleophiles(p. 305)
- Ring Construction(p. 306)
- Robinson Annulation(p. 310)
- Diels--Alder Reaction(p. 312)
- HOMO--LUMO Interactions(p. 313)
- Stereoelectronic Factors(p. 316)
- 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions(p. 319)
- Bibliography(p. 323)
- Problems(p. 324)
- 11 Structure Determination of Organic Compounds(p. 332)
- Structure Determination(p. 332)
- Chromatographic Purification(p. 333)
- Instrumental Methods(p. 335)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(p. 336)
- Chemical Shift(p. 338)
- Spin--Spin Coupling(p. 344)
- Descriptions of Spin Systems(p. 350)
- Second-Order Splitting(p. 354)
- Structure Identification by [superscript 1]H NMR(p. 355)
- Carbon-13 NMR(p. 360)
- Infrared Spectroscopy(p. 366)
- IR Stretching Frequencies(p. 367)
- Use of IR Spectroscopy for Structure Determination(p. 371)
- Mass Spectrometry(p. 377)
- Fragmentation Processes(p. 384)
- Bibliography(p. 388)
- Problems(p. 388)
- Solutions to Chapter Problems(p. 395)
- Index(p. 471)