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Dedicated to the interlocking processes of reading and writing, this book contains carefully chosen literary selections, and each chapter contains detailed information on and sample essays for writing about literature.Features of the fifth edition include strengthened introductions to literary topics and fresh, new selections. The new edition also places greater emphasis on research writing and on critical approaches to literature.

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• 1 Introduction: Reading, Responding to, and Writing about Literature
• What Is Literature, and Why do We Study It? Types of Literatures: The Genres
• Reading Literature and Responding to It Actively
• The Necklace
• Reading and Responding in a Notebook or Computer File
• Guidelines for Reading
• Writing Essays on Literary Topics
• The Goal of Writing: To Show a Process of Thought
• Three Major Stages in Thinking and Writing: Discovering Ideas, Making Initial Drafts, and Completing the Essay
• Discovering Ideas ("Brainstorming")
• The Need to Present an Argument when Writing Essays about Literature
• Assembling Materials and Beginning to Write
• Drafting the Essay
• Writing by Hand, Typewriter, or Word-Processor
• Writing a First Draft
• Using Verb Tenses in the Discussion of Literary Works
• Developing an Outline
• Using References and Quotations
• Demonstrative Student Essay (First Draft): How Setting in "The Necklace" Is Related to the Character of Mathilde
• Developing and Strengthening Essays through Revision
• Checking Development and Organization
• Using Exact, Comprehensive, and Forceful Language
• Using the Names of Authors
• Demonstrative Student Essay (Improved Draft): How Maupassant Uses Setting in "The Necklace" to Show the Character of Mathilde
• Easy Commentaries
• Specials Topics for Writing and Argument about the Writing Process
• Reading and Writing about Fiction
• 2 Fiction an Overview
• Modern Fiction
• The Short Story
• Elements of Fiction I: Verisimilitude and DonnFe
• Elements of Fiction II: Character, Plot, Structure, and Idea or Theme
• Elements of Fiction III: The Writer's Tools
• Stories for Study:Raymond Carver, Neighbors
• Night Talkers
• A Rose for Emily
• The Things They Carried
• Everyday Use
• Plot: The Motivation and Causation of Fiction
• Writing about the Plot of a Story
• Illustrative Student Essay: Plot in Faulkner's"A Rose for Emily"
• Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Plot in Fiction
• 3 Structure: The Organization of Stories
• The Structure of Fiction
• Formal Categories of Structure
• Formal and Actual Structure
• Stories for Study:Laurie Colwin, An Old-Fashioned Story
• Battle Royal
• Katherine Mansfield
• A Worn Path
• Blue Winds Dancing
• Writing about Structure in a Story
• Illustrative Student Essay: The Structure of Eudora Welty's "A Worn Path."
• Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Plot and Structure
• 4 Characters: The People in Fiction
• Character Traits
• How Authors Disclose Character in Literature
• Types of Characters: Round and Flat
• Reality and Probability: Verisimilitude
• Stories for Study:Willa Cather, Paul's Case
• Barn Burning
• A Jury of Her Peers
• Shopping
• Two Kinds
• Writing about Character
• Illustrative Student Essay: The Character of the Mother in Amy Tan's "Two Kinds"
• Special Topics for Writing and Argument about Character
• 5 Point of View: The Position or Stance of the Narrator or Speaker
• An Exercise in Point of View: Reporting an Accident
• Conditions That Affect Point of View and Opinions
• Determining a Work's Point of View
• Mingling Points of View
• Point of View and Verb Tense
• Summary: Guidelines for Point of View
• Stories for Study:Alice Adams The Last Lovely City
• An Occurrence at OwlCreekBridge
• The Song