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This book should be of interest to first year philosophy undergraduates taking courses in ethics.

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• Preface(p. xi)
• A Word to the Student: Why Study Moral Philosophy?(p. xvii)
• 1 Introduction: What Is Ethics?(p. 1)
• Morality as Compared with Other Normative Subjects(p. 3)
• Traits of Moral Principles(p. 6)
• Domains of Ethical Assessment(p. 9)
• Why Do We Need Morality?(p. 12)
• The Purposes of Morality(p. 16)
• Conclusion(p. 18)
• For Further Reflection(p. 20)
• For Further Reading(p. 23)
• 2 Ethical Relativism: Who's to Judge What's Right and Wrong?(p. 24)
• An Analysis of Relativism(p. 26)
• Subjective Ethical Relativism (Subjectivism)(p. 28)
• Conventional Ethical Relativism (Conventionalism)(p. 31)
• A Critique of Ethical Relativism(p. 35)
• Conclusion(p. 38)
• For Further Reflection(p. 39)
• For Further Reading(p. 41)
• 3 The Case for Moral Objectivism(p. 42)
• Natural Law(p. 43)
• Moderate Objectivism(p. 49)
• An Explanation of the Attraction of Ethical Relativism(p. 54)
• Conclusion(p. 57)
• For Further Reflection(p. 58)
• For Further Reading(p. 59)
• 4 Value: The Quest for the Good(p. 61)
• What Types of Value Are There?(p. 63)
• What Things Are Good?(p. 65)
• Are Values Objective or Subjective?(p. 69)
• What Is the Relation of Value to Morality?(p. 71)
• What Is the Good Life?(p. 74)
• For Further Reflection(p. 79)
• For Further Reading(p. 80)
• 5 Egoism, Self-Interest, and Altruism(p. 81)
• An Overview of the Problem(p. 81)
• Psychological Egoism(p. 84)
• Ethical Egoism(p. 89)
• A Critique of Ethical Egoism(p. 92)
• Attempted Refutations of Egoism(p. 94)
• Evolution and Altruism(p. 96)
• Egoism and the Problem of Posterity(p. 99)
• Conclusion(p. 100)
• For Further Reflection(p. 101)
• For Further Reading(p. 102)
• 6 Utilitarianism(p. 104)
• What Is Utilitarianism?(p. 107)
• Two Types of Utilitarianism(p. 111)
• The Strengths and Weaknesses of Utilitarianism(p. 115)
• External Criticisms of Utilitarianism(p. 118)
• Utilitarian Responses to Standard Objections(p. 121)
• The Problem of Posterity(p. 126)
• Conclusion(p. 128)
• For Further Reflection(p. 130)
• For Further Reading(p. 132)
• 7 Kantian and Deontological Systems(p. 134)
• Two Types of Deontological Systems(p. 134)
• Kant's Rule-Deontological System(p. 138)
• The Categorical Imperative(p. 141)
• Kant's Other Formulations of the Categorical Imperative(p. 149)
• Kant's Ethics and Religion(p. 153)
• A Reconciliation Project(p. 154)
• For Further Reflection(p. 157)
• For Further Reading(p. 158)
• 8 Virtue-Based Ethical Systems(p. 159)
• The Aretaic Critique of Action-Based (Deontic) Ethical Systems(p. 160)
• The Nature of Virtue Ethics(p. 164)
• Types of Relationships between Virtue Ethics and Action Ethics(p. 169)
• Conclusion(p. 177)
• For Further Reflection(p. 180)
• For Further Reading(p. 180)
• 9 Why Should I Be Moral?(p. 182)
• The Paradox of Morality and Self-Interest(p. 186)
• For Further Reflection(p. 192)
• For Further Reading(p. 193)
• 10 Religion and Ethics(p. 194)
• Does Morality Depend on Religion?(p. 195)
• Is Religious Ethics Essentially Different from Secular Ethics?(p. 199)
• Is Religion Irrelevant or Even Inimical to Morality?(p. 200)
• Does Religion Enhance the Moral Life?(p. 203)
• Conclusion(p. 207)
• For Further Reflection(p. 209)
• For Further Reading(p. 210)
• 11 The Fact-Value Problem: Metaethics in the 20th century(p. 211)
• Nonnaturalism(p. 213)
• Emotivism(p. 217)
• Prescriptivism(p. 222)
• The Renaissance of Naturalism(p. 232)
• Conclusion(p. 235)
• For Further Reflection(p. 237)
• For Further Reading(p. 238)
• 12 Moral Realism and the Challenge of Skepticism(p. 239)
• Mackie's Error Theory of Morality(p. 242)
• Harman's Moral Nihilism(p. 246)
• Conclusion(p. 251)
• For Further Reflection(p. 253)
• For Further Reading(p. 253)
• A Concluding Reflection: Minimal Morality, Virtue Ethics, and the Development of Character(p. 255)
• Appendix 1 An Analysis of the Modified Divine Command Theory(p. 261)
• A Critique of the Modified Divine Command Theory(p. 263)
• Appendix 2 How to Read and Write a Philosophy Paper(p. 267)
• Suggestions for Reading a Philosophy Text(p. 268)
• Suggestions for Writing a Philosophy Paper(p. 269)
• Glossary(p. 271)
• Index(p. 279)