Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Chapter 1 Introduction(p. 1)
• 1.1 Importance of International Economics(p. 1)
• 1.2 International Trade and the Nation's Standard of Living(p. 4)
• 1.3 The Subject Matter of International Economics(p. 7)
• 1.4 Purpose of International Economic Theories and Policies(p. 8)
• 1.5 Current International Economic Problems(p. 9)
• 1.6 Organization and Methodology of the Text(p. 12)
• Summary(p. 14)
• A Look Ahead(p. 15)
• Key Terms(p. 15)
• Questions for Review(p. 16)
• Problems(p. 16)
• Appendix: A1.1 Basic International Trade Data(p. 17)
• Appendix: A1.2 Sources of Additional International Data and Information(p. 21)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 23)
• Internet(p. 25)
• Part 1 International Trade Theory(p. 27)
• Chapter 2 The Law of Comparative Advantage(p. 29)
• 2.1 Introduction(p. 29)
• 2.2 The Mercantilists' Views on Trade(p. 30)
• 2.3 Trade Based on Absolute Advantage: Adam Smith(p. 33)
• 2.4 Trade Based on Comparative Advantage: David Ricardo(p. 35)
• 2.5 Comparative Advantage and Opportunity Costs(p. 40)
• 2.6 The Basis for and the Gains from Trade Under Constant Costs(p. 44)
• 2.7 Empirical Tests of the Ricardian Model(p. 47)
• Summary(p. 50)
• A Look Ahead(p. 52)
• Key Terms(p. 52)
• Questions for Review(p. 52)
• Problems(p. 53)
• Appendix: A2.1 Comparative Advantage with More Than Two Commodities(p. 54)
• Appendix: A2.2 Comparative Advantage with More Than Two Nations(p. 56)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 57)
• Internet(p. 57)
• Chapter 3 The Standard Theory of International Trade(p. 59)
• 3.1 Introduction(p. 59)
• 3.2 The Production Frontier with Increasing Costs(p. 60)
• 3.3 Community Indifference Curves(p. 62)
• 3.4 Equilibrium in Isolation(p. 65)
• 3.5 The Basis for and the Gains from Trade with Increasing Costs(p. 66)
• 3.6 Trade Based on Differences in Tastes(p. 73)
• Summary(p. 77)
• A Look Ahead(p. 78)
• Key Terms(p. 78)
• Questions for Review(p. 78)
• Problems(p. 79)
• Appendix: A3.1 Production Functions, Isoquants, Isocosts, and Equilibrium(p. 80)
• Appendix: A3.2 Production Theory with Two Nations, Two Commodities, and Two Factors(p. 82)
• Appendix: A3.3 Derivation of the Edgeworth Box Diagram and Production Frontiers(p. 83)
• Appendix: A3.4 Some Important Conclusions(p. 86)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 87)
• Internet(p. 88)
• Chapter 4 Demand and Supply, Offer Curves, and the Terms of Trade(p. 89)
• 4.1 Introduction(p. 89)
• 4.2 The Equilibrium Relative Commodity Price with Trade--Partial Equilibrium Analysis(p. 90)
• 4.3 Offer Curves(p. 91)
• 4.4 The Equilibrium-Relative Commodity Price with Trade--General Equilibrium Analysis(p. 96)
• 4.5 Relationship between General and Partial Equilibrium Analyses(p. 97)
• 4.6 The Terms of Trade(p. 99)
• Summary(p. 103)
• A Look Ahead(p. 104)
• Key Terms(p. 104)
• Questions for Review(p. 104)
• Problems(p. 105)
• Appendix: A4.1 Derivation of a Trade Indifference Curve for Nation 1(p. 106)
• Appendix: A4.2 Derivation of Nation 1's Trade Indifference Map(p. 107)
• Appendix: A4.3 Formal Derivation of Nation 1's Offer Curve(p. 107)
• Appendix: A4.4 Outline of the Formal Derivation of Nation 2's Offer Curve(p. 110)
• Appendix: A4.5 General Equilibrium of Production, Consumption, and Trade(p. 110)
• Appendix: A4.6 Multiple and Unstable Equilibria(p. 113)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 114)
• Internet(p. 114)
• Chapter 5 Factor Endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory(p. 115)
• 5.1 Introduction(p. 115)
• 5.2 Assumptions of the Theory(p. 116)
• 5.3 Factor Intensity, Factor Abundance, and the Shape of the Production Frontier(p. 118)
• 5.4 Factor Endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory(p. 124)
• 5.5 Factor-Price Equalization and Income Distribution(p. 129)
• 5.6 Empirical Tests of the Heckscher-Ohlin Model(p. 138)
• Summary(p. 145)
• A Look Ahead(p. 147)
• Key Terms(p. 147)
• Questions for Review(p. 147)
• Problems(p. 148)
• Appendix: A5.1 The Edgeworth Box Diagram for Nation 1 and Nation 2(p. 150)
• Appendix: A5.2 Relative Factor-Price Equalization(p. 150)
• Appendix: A5.3 Absolute Factor-Price Equalization(p. 153)
• Appendix: A5.4 Effect of Trade on the Short-Run Distribution of Income: The Specific-Factors Model(p. 154)
• Appendix: A5.5 Illustration of Factor-Intensity Reversal(p. 156)
• Appendix: A5.6 The Elasticity of Substitution and Factor-Intensity Reversal(p. 157)
• Appendix: A5.7 Empirical Tests of Factor-Intensity Reversal(p. 158)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 159)
• Internet(p. 162)
• Chapter 6 Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International Trade(p. 165)
• 6.1 Introduction(p. 165)
• 6.2 The Heckscher-Ohlin Model and New Trade Theories(p. 166)
• 6.3 Economies of Scale and International Trade(p. 168)
• 6.4 Imperfect Competition and International Trade(p. 170)
• 6.5 Trade Based on Dynamic Technological Differences(p. 178)
• 6.6 Costs of Transportation, Environmental Standards, and International Trade(p. 181)
• Summary(p. 189)
• A Look Ahead(p. 190)
• Key Terms(p. 190)
• Questions for Review(p. 190)
• Problems(p. 191)
• Appendix: A6.1 External Economies and the Pattern of Trade(p. 192)
• Appendix: A6.2 Dynamic External Economies and Specialization(p. 194)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 195)
• Internet(p. 107)
• Chapter 7 Economic Growth and International Trade(p. 199)
• 7.1 Introduction(p. 199)
• 7.2 Growth of Factors of Production(p. 200)
• 7.3 Technical Progress(p. 203)
• 7.4 Growth and Trade: The Small Country Case(p. 206)
• 7.5 Growth and Trade: The Large Country Case(p. 212)
• 7.6 Growth, Change in Tastes, and Trade in Both Nations(p. 218)
• Summary(p. 222)
• A Look Ahead(p. 224)
• Key Terms(p. 224)
• Questions for Review(p. 224)
• Problems(p. 225)
• Appendix: A7.1 Formal Proof of the Rybczynski Theorem(p. 226)
• Appendix: A7.2 Growth with Factor Immobility(p. 228)
• Appendix: A7.3 Graphical Analysis of Hicksian Technical Progress(p. 229)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 231)
• Internet(p. 232)
• Part 2 International Trade Policy(p. 233)
• Chapter 8 Trade Restrictions: Tariffs(p. 235)
• 8.1 Introduction(p. 235)
• 8.2 Partial Equilibrium Analysis of a Tariff(p. 236)
• 8.3 The Theory of Tariff Structure(p. 242)
• 8.4 General Equilibrium Analysis of a Tariff in a Small Country(p. 247)
• 8.5 General Equilibrium Analysis of a Tariff in a Large Country(p. 252)
• 8.6 The Optimum Tariff(p. 254)
• Summary(p. 256)
• A Look Ahead(p. 257)
• Key Terms(p. 258)
• Question for Review(p. 258)
• Problems(p. 258)
• Appendix: A8.1 Partial Equilibrium Effects of a Tariff in a Large Nation(p. 260)
• Appendix: A8.2 Derivation of the Formula for the Rate of Effective Protection(p. 262)
• Appendix: A8.3 The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem Graphically(p. 263)
• Appendix: A8.4 Exception to the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem--The Metzler Paradox(p. 265)
• Appendix: A8.5 Short-Run Effect of a Tariff on Factors' Income(p. 266)
• Appendix: A8.6 Measurement of the Optimum Tariff(p. 267)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 269)
• Internet(p. 271)
• Chapter 9 Nontariff Trade Barriers and the New Protectionism(p. 273)
• 9.1 Introduction(p. 273)
• 9.2 Import Quotas(p. 274)
• 9.3 Other Nontariff Barriers and the New Protectionism(p. 276)
• 9.4 The Political Economy of Protectionism(p. 287)
• 9.5 Strategic Trade and Industrial Policies(p. 289)
• 9.6 History of U.S. Commercial Policy(p. 295)
• 9.7 The Uruguay Round and Outstanding Trade Problems(p. 300)
• Summary(p. 307)
• A Look Ahead(p. 309)
• Key Terms(p. 309)
• Questions for Review(p. 310)
• Problems(p. 310)
• Appendix: A9.1 Centralized Cartels(p. 312)
• Appendix: A9.2 International Price Discrimination(p. 313)
• Appendix: A9.3 Tariffs, Subsidies and Domestic Goals(p. 314)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 315)
• Internet(p. 319)
• Chapter 10 Economic Integration: Customs Unions and Free Trade Areas(p. 321)
• 10.1 Introduction(p. 321)
• 10.2 Trade-Creating Customs Unions(p. 322)
• 10.3 Trade-Diverting Customs Unions(p. 324)
• 10.4 The Theory of the Second Best and Other Static Welfare Effects of Customs Unions(p. 326)
• 10.5 Dynamic Benefits from Customs Unions(p. 328)
• 10.6 History of Attempts at Economic Integration(p. 330)
• Summary(p. 342)
• A Look Ahead(p. 344)
• Key Terms(p. 344)
• Questions for Review(p. 344)
• Problems(p. 345)
• Appendix: A10.1 General Equilibrium Analysis of the Static Effects of a Trade-Diverting Customs Union(p. 346)
• Appendix: A10.2 Postwar Chronology of Regionalism(p. 347)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 351)
• Internet(p. 354)
• Chapter 11 International Trade and Economic Development(p. 355)
• 11.1 Introduction(p. 355)
• 11.2 The Importance of Trade to Development(p. 356)
• 11.3 The Terms of Trade and Economic Development(p. 361)
• 11.4 Export Instability and Economic Development(p. 367)
• 11.5 Import Substitution versus Export Orientation(p. 372)
• 11.6 Current Problems Facing Developing Countries(p. 375)
• Summary(p. 384)
• A Look Ahead(p. 385)
• Key Terms(p. 386)
• Questions for Review(p. 386)
• Problems(p. 387)
• Appendix: A11.1 Income Inequalities by Traditional and Purchasing-Power Parity (PPP) Measures(p. 388)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 388)
• Internet(p. 393)
• Chapter 12 International Resource Movements and Multinational Corporations(p. 395)
• 12.1 Introduction(p. 395)
• 12.2 Some Data on International Capital Flows(p. 396)
• 12.3 Motives for International Capital Flows(p. 399)
• 12.4 Welfare Effects of International Capital Flows(p. 404)
• 12.5 Multinational Corporations(p. 406)
• 12.6 Motives for and Welfare Effects of International Labor Migration(p. 412)
• Summary(p. 419)
• A Look Ahead(p. 420)
• Key Terms(p. 420)
• Questions for Review(p. 420)
• Problems(p. 421)
• Appendix: A12.1 The Transfer Problem(p. 422)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 423)
• Internet(p. 425)
• Part 3 The Balance of Payments, Foreign Markets, and Exchange Rates(p. 427)
• Chapter 13 Balance of Payments(p. 429)
• 13.1 Introduction(p. 429)
• 13.2 Balance-of-Payments Accounting Principles(p. 430)
• 13.3 The International Transactions of the United States(p. 434)
• 13.4 Accounting Balances and Disequilibrium in International Transactions(p. 438)
• 13.5 The Postwar Balance of Payments of the United States(p. 439)
• 13.6 The International Investment Position of the United States(p. 444)
• Summary(p. 447)
• A Look Ahead(p. 448)
• Key Terms(p. 448)
• Questions for Review(p. 448)
• Problems(p. 449)
• Appendix: A13.1 The IMF Method of Reporting International Transactions(p. 450)
• Appendix: A13.2 The Case of the Missing Surplus(p. 452)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 453)
• Internet(p. 454)
• Chapter 14 Foreign Exchange Markets and Exchange Rates(p. 455)
• 14.1 Introduction(p. 455)
• 14.2 Functions of the Foreign Exchange Markets(p. 456)
• 14.3 Foreign Exchange Rates(p. 460)
• 14.4 Spot and Forward Rates, Foreign Currency Swaps, Futures, and Options(p. 467)
• 14.5 Foreign Exchange Risks, Hedging, and Speculation(p. 472)
• 14.6 Interest Arbitrage and the Efficiency of Foreign Exchange Markets(p. 479)
• 14.7 Eurocurrency and Offshore Financial Markets(p. 485)
• Summary(p. 492)
• A Look Ahead(p. 493)
• Key Terms(p. 493)
• Questions for Review(p. 494)
• Problems(p. 495)
• Appendix: A14.1 Derivation of the Formula for the Covered Interest Arbitrage Margin(p. 496)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 497)
• Internet(p. 499)
• Chapter 15 Exchange Rate Determination(p. 501)
• 15.1 Introduction(p. 501)
• 15.2 Purchasing-Power Parity Theory(p. 502)
• 15.3 Monetary Approach to the Balance of Payments and Exchange Rates(p. 509)
• 15.4 Asset Market Model and Exchange Rates(p. 518)
• 15.5 Exchange Rate Dynamics(p. 524)
• 15.6 Empirical Tests of the Monetary and the Asset Market Models and Exchange Rate Forecasting(p. 528)
• Summary(p. 532)
• A Look Ahead(p. 533)
• Key Terms(p. 534)
• Questions for Review(p. 534)
• Problems(p. 535)
• Appendix: A15.1 Formal Monetary Approach Model(p. 536)
• Appendix: A15.2 Formal Asset Market Model and Exchange Rates(p. 538)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 539)
• Internet(p. 543)
• Part 4 Open Economy--Macroeconomics and the International Monetary System(p. 545)
• Chapter 16 The Price Adjustment Mechanism with Flexible and Fixed Exchange Rates(p. 547)
• 16.1 Introduction(p. 547)
• 16.2 Adjustment with Flexible Exchange Rates(p. 548)
• 16.3 Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Domestic Prices and the Terms of Trade(p. 553)
• 16.4 Stability of Foreign Exchange Markets(p. 555)
• 16.5 Elasticities in the Real World(p. 557)
• 16.6 Adjustment Under the Gold Standard(p. 566)
• Summary(p. 569)
• A Look Ahead(p. 570)
• Key Terms(p. 570)
• Questions for Review(p. 570)
• Problems(p. 571)
• Appendix: A16.1 The Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Domestic Prices(p. 572)
• Appendix: A16.2 Derivation of the Marshall-Lerner Condition(p. 573)
• Appendix: A16.3 Stability of Foreign Exchange Markets Once Again(p. 576)
• Appendix: A16.4 Derivation of the Gold Points and Gold Flows Under the Gold Standard(p. 577)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 578)
• Internet(p. 580)
• Chapter 17 The Income Adjustment Mechanism and Synthesis of Automatic Adjustments(p. 583)
• 17.1 Introduction(p. 583)
• 17.2 Income Determination in a Closed Economy(p. 584)
• 17.3 Income Determination in a Small Open Economy(p. 588)
• 17.4 Foreign Repercussions(p. 596)
• 17.5 Absorption Approach(p. 600)
• 17.6 Monetary Adjustments and Synthesis of the Automatic Adjustments(p. 603)
• Summary(p. 607)
• A Look Ahead(p. 608)
• Key Terms(p. 609)
• Questions for Review(p. 609)
• Problems(p. 610)
• Appendix: A17.1 Derivation of Foreign Trade Multipliers with Foreign Repercussions(p. 611)
• Appendix: A17.2 The Transfer Problem Once Again(p. 613)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 615)
• Internet(p. 616)
• Chapter 18 Open-Economy Macroeconomics: Adjustment Policies(p. 619)
• 18.1 Introduction(p. 619)
• 18.2 Internal and External Balance with Expenditure-Changing and Expenditure-Switching Policies(p. 622)
• 18.3 Equilibrium in the Goods Market, in the Money Market, and in the Balance of Payments(p. 625)
• 18.4 Fiscal and Monetary Policies for Internal and External Balance with Fixed Exchange Rates(p. 628)
• 18.5 The IS-LM-BP Model with Flexible Exchange Rates(p. 635)
• 18.6 Policy Mix and Price Changes(p. 640)
• 18.7 Direct Controls(p. 646)
• Summary(p. 649)
• A Look Ahead(p. 651)
• Key Terms(p. 651)
• Questions for Review(p. 651)
• Problems(p. 652)
• Appendix: A18.1 Derivation of the IS Curve(p. 654)
• Appendix: A18.2 Derivation of the LM Curve(p. 655)
• Appendix: A18.3 Derivation of the BP Curve(p. 657)
• Appendix: A18.4 Mathematical Summary(p. 658)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 659)
• Internet(p. 661)
• Chapter 19 Prices and Output in an Open Economy: Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply(p. 663)
• 19.1 Introduction(p. 663)
• 19.2 Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply, and Equilibrium in a Closed Economy(p. 664)
• 19.3 Aggregate Demand in an Open Economy Under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates(p. 669)
• 19.4 Effect of Economic Shocks and Macroeconomic Policies on Aggregate Demand in Open Economies with Flexible Prices(p. 673)
• 19.5 Effect of Fiscal and Monetary Policies in Open Economies with Flexible Prices(p. 677)
• 19.6 Macroeconomic Policies to Stimulate Growth and Adjust to Supply Shocks(p. 679)
• Summary(p. 688)
• A Look Ahead(p. 689)
• Key Terms(p. 689)
• Questions for Review(p. 689)
• Problems(p. 690)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 691)
• Internet(p. 693)
• Chapter 20 Flexible versus Fixed Exchange Rates, the European Monetary System, and Macroeconomic Policy Coordination(p. 695)
• 20.1 Introduction(p. 695)
• 20.2 The Case for Flexible Exchange Rates(p. 696)
• 20.3 The Case for Fixed Exchange Rates(p. 699)
• 20.4 Optimum Currency Areas, the European Monetary System, and the European Monetary Union(p. 705)
• 20.5 Currency Board Arrangements and Dollarization(p. 714)
• 20.6 Exchange Rate Bands, Adjustable Pegs, Crawling Pegs, and Managed Floating(p. 717)
• 20.7 International Macroeconomic Policy Coordination(p. 723)
• Summary(p. 725)
• A Look Ahead(p. 726)
• Key Terms(p. 727)
• Questions for Review(p. 727)
• Problems(p. 728)
• Appendix: A20.1 Exchange Rate Arrangements(p. 729)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 732)
• Internet(p. 735)
• Chapter 21 The International Monetary System: Past, Present, and Future(p. 737)
• 21.1 Introduction(p. 737)
• 21.2 The Gold Standard and the Interwar Experience(p. 739)
• 21.3 The Bretton Woods System(p. 742)
• 21.4 Operation and Evolution of the Bretton Woods System(p. 744)
• 21.5 U.S. Balance-of-Payments Deficits and Collapse of the Bretton Woods System(p. 747)
• 21.6 The International Monetary System: Present and Future(p. 752)
• Summary(p. 770)
• Key Terms(p. 772)
• Questions for Review(p. 773)
• Problems(p. 773)
• Appendix: A21.1 International Reserves: 1950-2001(p. 774)
• Selected Bibliography(p. 776)
• Internet(p. 779)
• Answers to Selected Problems(p. 781)
• Glossary of Key Terms(p. 795)
• Name Index(p. 809)
• Subject Index(p. 815)