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The quarter century from 1964 to 1989 was the "time of the generals," the most clearly defined era of military rule and influence in the history of Latin America. The effects of this rule were most evident in Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and Chile, where French- and German-style military professionalism developed into professional militarism. Frederick M. Nunn shows that the mentality of Latin American generals is typical of a worldwide military ethos but that its application is unique in the context of individual countries. In detailing the pervasiveness of this ethos worldwide, Nunn enables a better understanding of the willingness of Latin American military leaders to intervene in government, and of their activities once in power.

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• Preface(p. ix)
• Introduction(p. 1)
• 1 Changing Times: Confronting A New World Paradigm(p. 11)
• 2 Sociocultural Change Reconciling Tradition New Ideas, and The Generation Gap(p. 43)
• 3 Steadfast Officers: Main¡ Taining Basic Attributes Vocation, the Social Role And the "Gift"(p. 77)
• 4 Steadfast Soldiers: Adapting Purest Images and Nations In Arms to Harsh Reality(p. 113)
• 5 Politics and Ideologies Struggling with Military Separateness and Civilian Primacy(p. 151)
• 6 Faith, Wisdom, And Nationalism: Confusing Each With Professionalism(p. 179)
• 7 Professional Militarism Manifest and Latent: Hearing Different Drummers, Going Separate Ways(p. 205)
• 8 "Invertebrate America" Contemplating the Future In Times of Change(p. 239)
• Postscript(p. 263)
• Bibiliographical Notes(p. 271)
• Index(p. 343)

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CHOICE Review

This volume is a well-researched and authoritative sequel to the author's Yesterday's Soldiers (CH, Sep'83). Nunn focuses on the meaning of military rule in the four South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru during the 1964 to 1989 period in order to exemplify the extreme situation where "professional militarism eclipsed military professionalism." In comparing military perspectives in these countries with those elsewhere, he concludes that generals in these countries took military rule to the extreme because their pre-WW II French and German military training "linked them to an imaginary past." Nunn views "the time of the generals" as the product of the military's fear of change and scorn for weak democratic institutions, and its own sense of mission and feelings of superiority for meeting the "communist challenge" and restoring internal order and tradition. He questions whether these generals "really understood themselves or their countries," and suggests that a new "time of the generals" may arise if instability returns, given the prevailing military mind-set. Nunn's approach is philosophical and theoretical, with very limited historical content. Graduate; faculty. S. L. Rozman; Tougaloo College

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Frederick M. Nunn is a professor of history and international studies and associate dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Portland State University.