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A complete summary of the views of the most important philosophers since the beginning of Western civilization. Each major field of philosophic inquiry is treated in a separate chapter, so that each chapter can be read as a complete unit, without reference to the others. Includes Plato, Descartes, Spinoza, Kant, Hegel, Dewey, Sartre, and many others.

Tabla de contenidos provista por Syndetics

• Introduction(p. 1)
• I The Nature of the Universe(p. 5)
• The Views of the Early Greek Philosophers(p. 6)
• Plato's Theory of the Universe(p. 10)
• Aristotle's Conception of the Universe(p. 12)
• The Views of the Epicureans, Stoics, and Skeptics(p. 16)
• The Universe According to the Greco-Religious Thinkers(p. 18)
• The Position of the Early Christian Thinkers(p. 19)
• The Positions of the Medieval Christian Thinkers(p. 20)
• The Views of the Forerunners of the Renaissance(p. 27)
• The Universe According to the Philosophers of the Renaissance(p. 29)
• Descartes' Conception of the Universe(p. 31)
• Spinoza's Theory of the Universe(p. 33)
• The Positions of Locke, Berkeley, and Hume(p. 35)
• Leibnitz' Theory of the Universe(p. 39)
• Kant's Conception of the Universe(p. 40)
• Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel(p. 41)
• The Views of the Later German Philosophers(p. 44)
• The Positions of John Stuart Mill and Herbert Spencer(p. 47)
• Josiah Royce, William James, and John Dewey(p. 49)
• The Views of Henri Bergson and George Santayana(p. 51)
• II Man's Place in the Universe(p. 53)
• Man's Importance According to the Early Greek Philosophers(p. 54)
• The Positions of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle(p. 56)
• The Views of the Later Greek Thinkers(p. 58)
• Man's Importance According to the Early Christian Thinkers(p. 58)
• The Views of the Medieval Christian Thinkers(p. 59)
• As Seen by the Forerunners of the Renaissance(p. 62)
• The Positions of Bacon and Hobbes(p. 63)
• The Views of Descartes and Spinoza(p. 64)
• Man's Place as Seen by Locke, Berkeley, and Hume(p. 65)
• The Views of Leibnitz(p. 67)
• The Position of Rousseau(p. 68)
• Kant's View of Man's Importance(p. 68)
• Fichte, Schelling, Schleiermacher, and Hegel(p. 69)
• The Views of Later German Thinkers(p. 72)
• Man's Place According to Comte(p. 74)
• The Positions of Mill and Spencer(p. 75)
• The Views of James, Dewey, and Russell(p. 77)
• III What Is Good and What Is Evil?(p. 80)
• Good and Evil According to the Early Greek Philosophers(p. 81)
• The Ethical Views of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle(p. 83)
• Good and Evil According to the Epicureans and Stoics(p. 86)
• The Position of the Greco-Religious Thinkers(p. 87)
• The Ethical Views of the Early Christian Thinkers(p. 88)
• The Views of the Medieval Christian Thinkers(p. 89)
• Hobbes, Spinoza, Locke, and Leibnitz(p. 91)
• The Ethical Philosophy of Kant(p. 94)
• The Views of Fichte and Schopenhauer(p. 95)
• According to Mill, Bentham, and Spencer(p. 97)
• The Ethical Views of James and Dewey(p. 98)
• IV The Nature of God(p. 100)
• The Views of the Early Greek Philosophers(p. 102)
• The Concept of God in the Thought of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle(p. 104)
• The Position of the Later Greek Thinkers(p. 106)
• The Greco-Religious Ideas About God(p. 107)
• The Early and Medieval Christian Conception of God(p. 108)
• Bruno, Boehme, and Other Forerunners of the Renaissance(p. 113)
• The Position of Bacon, Hobbes, Descartes, and Pascal(p. 114)
• The Nature of God According to Spinoza(p. 116)
• The Views of Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Leibnitz(p. 117)
• The Concept of God in the Thought of Kant(p. 120)
• Fichte, Schelling, Schleiermacher, Hegel, and Later German Thinkers(p. 121)
• The Position of Comte, Spencer, and Bradley(p. 124)
• The Views of James and Dewey(p. 124)
• V Fate versus Free Will(p. 127)
• The Idea of Fate Among the Early Greek Thinkers(p. 129)
• According to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle(p. 130)
• The Views of the Later Greek Philosophers(p. 132)
• The Position of the Greco-Religious Thinkers(p. 134)
• Early and Medieval Christian Thinkers(p. 135)
• The Views of Bacon, Hobbes, Descartes, and Spinoza(p. 139)
• The Position of Locke, of Hume, and of Leibnitz(p. 142)
• Fate and Free Will According to Voltaire and to Rousseau(p. 145)
• Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Schopenhauer, and Other German Thinkers(p. 146)
• The Position of Mill and of Green(p. 150)
• The Views of James and Dewey(p. 151)
• VI The Soul and Immortality(p. 153)
• The Soul as Viewed by the Early Greek Philosophers(p. 155)
• The Soul and Immortality According to Plato and Aristotle(p. 157)
• The Position of the Later Greek Thinkers(p. 159)
• The Views of Plotinus(p. 160)
• The Early and Medieval Christian Conception of the Soul(p. 160)
• The Soul According to the Forerunners of the Renaissance(p. 162)
• The Views of Bacon and Hobbes(p. 163)
• The Views of Descartes and Spinoza(p. 163)
• Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Leibnitz(p. 165)
• The Soul and Immortality According to Kant(p. 167)
• Fichte, Schleiermacher, Herbart, and Schopenhauer(p. 168)
• Recent and Present-Day Conceptions of the Soul and Immortality(p. 170)
• VII Man and the State(p. 175)
• The State as Viewed by the Early Greek Philosophers(p. 178)
• The State According to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle(p. 181)
• The Positions of the Later Greek Thinkers(p. 184)
• The Views of the Early Christian Thinkers(p. 186)
• The Views of the Medieval Christian Thinkers(p. 188)
• The State as Viewed by the Forerunners of the Renaissance(p. 192)
• Machiavelli's Conception of the State(p. 193)
• Grotius, Hobbes, and Other Thinkers of the Renaissance(p. 194)
• The Views of Spinoza, Locke, and Adam Smith(p. 196)
• The Position of Voltaire and of Rousseau(p. 198)
• The State According to Hegel, Marx, and Lassalle(p. 199)
• De Maistre, Saint-Simon, and Comte(p. 200)
• The Views of Mill and Spencer(p. 202)
• Nietzsche's Conception of the State(p. 204)
• The Views of Dewey and Recent Thinkers(p. 205)
• VIII Man and Education(p. 207)
• Education as Viewed by the Early Greek Philosophers(p. 209)
• According to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle(p. 210)
• The Roman Conception of Education(p. 212)
• Early Christian Conception of Education(p. 213)
• St. Benedict and the Monastic Way of Life(p. 214)
• Education in the Middle Ages and Early Renaissance(p. 215)
• Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation(p. 217)
• The Views of Bacon and Hobbes(p. 218)
• Comenius' Philosophy of Education(p. 218)
• Locke and Rousseau(p. 219)
• Pestalozzi's Conception of Education(p. 221)
• Herbart's View of Education(p. 222)
• Froebel's Conception of Education(p. 223)
• IX Mind and Matter(p. 226)
• Mind and Matter as Contrasted by the Early Greek Thinkers(p. 228)
• Plato, Aristotle, and the Later Greek Philosophers(p. 230)
• The Positions of Philo and St. Augustine(p. 233)
• According to the Medieval Christian Thinkers(p. 234)
• Roger Bacon and Paracelsus(p. 235)
• Francis Bacon and Hobbes(p. 236)
• Descartes and Spinoza(p. 238)
• Locke, Berkeley, and Hume(p. 240)
• The Views of Leibnitz(p. 241)
• Kant and Later German Philosophers(p. 241)
• Bradley, Royce, and Bergson(p. 244)
• Comte, James, Dewey, Santayana(p. 244)
• X Ideas and Thinking(p. 246)
• What Thinking Meant to the Early Greek Philosophers(p. 247)
• According to Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle(p. 249)
• The Views of the Later Greek Philosophers(p. 250)
• The Medieval Christian View(p. 251)
• Galileo and the Beginning of the Scientific Attitude(p. 253)
• Bacon, Descartes, Spinoza(p. 254)
• Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Leibnitz(p. 256)
• Kant, Fichte, Hegel(p. 257)
• Comte, Mill, Spencer(p. 260)
• James and Dewey(p. 260)
• XI Some Recent Approaches to Philosophy(p. 263)
• Kierkegaard and the Beginnings of Existentialism(p. 264)
• The Views of Heidegger, Jaspers, and Sartre(p. 265)
• Three Philosophers of Science: Whitehead, Russell, and Moore(p. 266)
• Logical Positivism(p. 268)
• Two Philosophers of the Spirit(p. 269)
• Some Current Philosophers in the Religious Tradition(p. 270)
• Conclusion(p. 272)
• Biographical Notes(p. 275)
• Index(p. 297)

Notas de autor provistas por Syndetics

S. E. Frost, Jr. taught in the Department of Education, Brooklyn College, City University of New York. He received a Ph.D. from Columbia University and a Bachelor of Divinity degree from Yale University. He spent many years in the study and teaching of the history and philosophy of education and is the author of a number of books on philosophy, religion, and education. He died in 1978.