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List of Figures vii -- <br/>Notes on Contributors xii -- <br/>Note on Translation and Transliteration xv -- <br/>Acknowledgments xvi -- <br/>Introduction: Writing the Modern Biography of an Ancient Monument Emily Neumeier and Benjamin Anderson 1 -- <br/>1. Hagia Sophia’s Second Conversion: The Building Campaign of Mahmud I and the Transformation from Mosque to complex (1739-43) Ünver Rüstem 27 -- <br/>2. The Paradoxes of Hagia Sophia’s Ablution Fountain: The Qasida al-Burda in Cosmopolitan Istanbul, 1740 Tülay Artan 66 -- <br/>3. The Calligraphic Arts in the Age of Ottoman Architectural Renovation Emily Neumeier 98 -- <br/>4. From the Mouth of Angels: Folkloric Hagia Sophia Benjamin Anderson 125 -- <br/>5. The Other Ayasofya: The Restoration of Thessaloniki’s Ayasofya Mosque, 1890-1911 Sotirios Dimitriadis 148 -- <br/>6. ‘That Domed Feeling’: A byzantine Synagoge in Cleveland Robert S. Nelson 169 -- <br/>7. The Monument of the Present: The Fossati Restoration of Hagia Sophia (1847-9) Asli Menevse 197 -- <br/>8. From Ceremony to Spectacle: Changing Perceptions of Hagia Sophia through the Night of Power (Laylat al-Qadr) Prayer Ceremonies Ayşe Hilâl Uğurlu 240 -- <br/>9. Temple of the Wold’s Desire: Hagia Sophia in the American Press, c. 1910-27 Robert Ousterhout 265 -- <br/>Index 281 -- <br/>Figures <br/>I.1 View of the public square in front of the Hagia Sophia, 2022 4 -- <br/>I.2 A view of Hagia Sophia, ‘the exterior of the mosque, before its restoration’4 -- <br/>I.3 Hagia Sophia, mosaic of the South-west vestibule 8 -- <br/>I.4 Wilhelm Salzenberg, Alt-christliche Baudenkmale von Constantinopel vom V. bis XII. Jahrhundert 11 -- <br/>I.5 Narthex of Hagia Sophia, June 2022 18 -- <br/>1.1 Hagia Sophia Library, 1739-40, exterior 28 -- <br/>1.2 Hagia Sophia Library, entrance façade in the basilica’s right aisle 29 -- <br/>1.3 Hagia Sophia Library, interior of thr reading and recitation room 29 -- <br/>1.4 Hagia Sophia Library, interior of the kiosk 30 -- <br/>1.5 Hagia Sophia Library School, 1740-1 31 -- <br/>1.6 Hagia Sophia ablution fountain, 1740-1 32 -- <br/>1.7 View to the north-west taken from the north-east minaret of Hagia Sophia, with the imaret extending diagonally from the bottom right corner 32 -- <br/>1.8 Hagia Sophia Imaret, 1742-3, interior of the dining hall looking towards the service windows of the adjacent kitchen 34 -- <br/>1.9 Hagia Sophia Imaret, exterior of the main building looking towards the principal entrance of the dining hall 35 -- <br/>1.10 Hagia Sophia Imaret, principal gate 36 -- <br/>1.11 Hagia Sophia Library, Ornamental Plasterwork on the ceiling of the kiosk reading area 40 -- <br/>1.12 Hagia Sophia Library, inner face of the kiosk entrance 42 -- <br/>1.13 Hagia Sophia ablution fountain, detail of the marble tank and bronze grillwork 43 -- <br/>1.14 Hagia Sophia Imaret, upper part of the main gate 44 -- <br/>1.15 Comparison of column capitals from the interior of Hagia Sophia, the main gate of Hagia Sophia Imaret and the façade of the Church of Santi Celso e Giuliano, Rome 51 -- <br/>2.1 Historical view of the ablution fountain of Hagia Sophia 67 -- <br/>2.2 Public fountain commissioned by Ahmed III at the entrance to the Topkapi Palace 68 -- <br/>2.3 Ablution fountain of Hagia Sophia 69 -- <br/>2.4 The central fount and the brass gratings topping it have sixteen sides 70 -- <br/>2.5 Final topping the brass gratings of the ablution fountain at Hagia Sophia 70 -- <br/>2.6 Finial topping the brass gratings of the ablution fountain at Hagia Sophia 72 -- <br/>2.7 Inscription frieze of couplets from a qasida attributed to Emin Mehmed, found on the interior of the octagonal colonnade at the ablution fountain of Hagia Sophia 73 -- <br/>2.8 Inscription frieze of the Qasida al-Burda, found on the exterior of the octagonal colonnade at the ablution fountain of Hagia Sophia 73 -- <br/>2.9 Fourteenth-century manuscript copy of the Qasida al-Burda 76 -- <br/>2.10 Frontispiece of fourteenth-century manuscript copy of the Qasida al-Burda 77 -- <br/>2.11 Colophon of seventeenth-century manuscript copy of the Qasida al-Burda 79 -- <br/>2.12 Colophon of fourteenth-century manuscript copy of the Qasida al-Burda 80 -- <br/>2.13 Flyleaf of fifteenth-century manuscript copy of the Qasida al-Burda 81 -- <br/>3.1 View of the interior of Hagia Sophia 98 -- <br/>3.2 Diagram indicating the location of the calligraphic roundels placed in the interior of Hagia Sophia in the nineteenth century 101 -- <br/>3.3 The roundel bearing the name of Huseyin, with the artist’s signature and date located at the bottom 102 -- <br/>3.4 Interior of the Hirka-I Serif Mosque, Istanbul 103 -- <br/>3.5 Front and rear view of the calligraphic roundels in Hagia Sophia, showing the wooden frame 103 -- <br/>3.6 Cornelius Loos, Drawing of the Interior of Hagia Sophia, 1711 105 -- <br/>3.7 Interior of the Kilic Ali Pasha Mosque in Tophane, Istanbul 107 -- <br/>3.8 Interior view of the Great Mosque of Adana 108 -- <br/>3.9 Interior of the Mosque of Sultan Murad III in Manisa, Turkey 110 -- <br/>3.10 Interior of the Nuruosmaniye Mosque, Istanbul 111 -- <br/>3.11 Interior view of the Bascavus Mosque in Yozgat, Turkey 112 -- <br/>3.12 Detail of a roundel painted on the wall of the upper gallery at the Bascavus Mosque in Yozgat, Turkey 113 -- <br/>3.13 Interior of the Suleymaniye Mosque, showing the black-and-gold medallions added in the nineteenth century in the semidome of the mihrab area and on the main piers supporting the central dome 116 -- <br/>3.14 View of Hagia Sophia after the Fossati restorations 118 -- <br/>4.1 Comparison of the dimensions of Hagia Sophia with those of other monuments of world architecture 131 -- <br/>4.2 The angel Jibril delivers a message from God to Muhammad, ordering him to leave Mecca and go to Medina 137 -- <br/>4.3 Austen Henry Layard, Nineveh and its Remains 138 -- <br/>5.1 Transverse section of the Ayasofya Mosque 149 -- <br/>5.2 YThe mihrab area of the Ayasofya Mosque 152 -- <br/>5.3 Ayasofya and its courtyard after the 1890 fire 156 -- <br/>5.4 Th mosque’s portico (son cemaat mahalli) following the 1890 fire 157 -- <br/>5.5 The catacombs superimposed on a street plan for the reconstruction of the area 159 -- <br/>5.6 Thessaloniki, Catacombs of St John the Baptist 160 -- <br/>5.7 Sultan Mehmed V Disembarks as his carriage draws to a halt in front of the mosque’s entrance 162 -- <br/>5.8 The interior of the building, shortly after its reconversion to a church 164 -- <br/>6.1 Temple Tifereth Israel, Cleveland, main façade, 1924 172 -- <br/>6.2 Temple Tifereth Israel, plan 172 -- <br/>6.3 Temple Tifereth Israel, older aerial view 173 --<br/>6.4 Temple Tifereth Israel, vestibule 173 -- <br/>6.5 Temple Tifereth Israel, interior view to bimah 174 -- <br/>6.6 Temple Tifereth Israel, interior view to entrance 175 -- <br/>6.7 Temple Tifereth Israel, 1894, currently Friendship Baptist Church, Cleveland 176 -- <br/>6.8 Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, dome 177 -- <br/>6.9 Domes of the Tifaret Yisrael and Hurva synagoges, Jerusalem, c. 1900 178 -- <br/>6.10 Temple Tifereth Israel, façade capital 179 -- <br/>6.11 Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, nave capital 180 -- <br/>6.12 Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, view to apse 183 -- <br/>7.1 First page of the Journal de Constantinople. Echo de l’Orient (29 July 1849) 200 -- <br/>7.2 Frontispiece from Gaspare Fossati’s lithography album, Aya Sofia, Constantinople, as Recently Restored by Order of H.M. the Suktan Abdul-Medjid (1852) 206 -- <br/>7.3 ‘View from the Main Entrance’, Plate 1 from the Fossati album 208 -- <br/>7.4 Plate 1 from the Fossati album 209 -- <br/>7.5 W.H. Bartlett, ‘View from the West Gallery’. Julia Pardoe, The Beauties of the Bosphorus by Miss Pardoe (London, 1838) 211 -- <br/>7.6 ‘View of the Upper Gallery’, Plate 10 from the Fossati album 212 -- <br/>7.7 Detail from Plate 11 of the Fossati album 213 -- <br/>7.8 ‘Entrance of the Upper Gallery’, Plate 10 from the Fossati album 214 -- <br/>7.9 ‘The New Imperial Loge’ (Hunkar Mahfili), Plate 9 from the Fossati album 216 -- <br/>7.10 ‘The View from the North Aisle’, Plate 5 from the Fossati album 218 -- <br/>7.11 ‘The View of the Grand Vizier’s Place’, Plate 7 from the Fossati Album 220 -- <br/>7.12 Detail from Plate 7 of the Fossati album 221 -- <br/>7.13 Wlhelm Salzenberg, Alt-christliche Baudenkmale von Constantinople vom V. bis XII. Jahnrhundert 223 -- <br/>7.14 ‘The View of the Central Nave from the North Aisle’, Plate 6 from the Fossati album 224 -- <br/>8.1 A plate from the Fossati album showing the interior view of the Hagia Sophia Mosque, drawn from the lower north gallery 242 -- <br/>8.2 A plate from the Fossati Album showing the upper galleries of Hagia Sophia from the north-west 243 -- <br/>8.3 A nineteenth-century map of Istanbul, showing major imperial mosques that were visited by sultans during Night of Power ceremonies 246 -- <br/>8.4 A detail from the same map showing the route of the European group from Buyukdere to Hagia Sophia 249 -- <br/>8.5 Newspaper clips about the Night of Power ceremony held in Hagia Sophia on 4 February 1932 253 -- <br/>8.6 A scene from the 3D Mapping Show held in 2020 for the 567th anniversary of the conquest of Istanbul 255 -- <br/>9.1 Hagia Sophia, seen from the south-west in a popular postcard view 265 -- <br/>9.2 Hagia Sophia, interior looking east 266 -- <br/>9.3 Hagia Sophia, as illustrated in a newspaper article of 1912 271 -- <br/>9.4 Popular newspaper feature from 1927 concerning the conversion of Hagia Sophia into a dancehall 275 -- |