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Illustrations :<br/>Introduction --<br/>Fig. 1.1 Convento of Nuestra Señora, Izamal, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 1.2 Detail, relief sculpture with artist's signature --<br/>Fig. 1.3 Detail, relief sculpture of place glyph --<br/>Fig. 1.4 Detail, relief sculpture of date plaque --<br/>Fig. 1.5 Distribution of Indian nations in sixteenth-century Mesoamerica --<br/>Chapter 1 --<br/>Fig. 1.1 Fray Pedro de Gante --<br/>Fig. 1.2 The first twelve Franciscan apostles --<br/>Fig. 1.3 Detail, relief sculpture showing a "dog of the Lord" --<br/>Fig. 1.4 The first seven Augustinian friars in Mexico --<br/>Fig. 1.5 Sandro Botticelli, Crucifixion with Penitent Magdalen and an Angel --<br/>Fig. 1.6 Saint Christopher Carrying Christ across the Sea, mural --<br/>Fig. 1.7 Martin de Vos, Saint John of Patmos Writing the Apocalypse --<br/>Fig. 1.8 Lord's prayer in Testerian hieroglyphics with Nahuatl translation --<br/>Fig. 1.9 Leonardo da Vinci, Human Skull --<br/>Chapter 2 --<br/>Fig. 2.1 Locations of conventos mentioned in this book --<br/>Fig. 2.2 Convento church of Santo Domingo, Yanhuitlán, Oaxaca --<br/>Fig. 2.3 Open chapel of the convento of Santiago, Cuilapan, Oaxaca --<br/>Fig. 2.4 Convento church of San Juan Bautista, Coixtlahuaca, Oaxaca --<br/>Fig. 2.5 Diagram of a prototypical Mexican convento --<br/>Fig. 2.6 Gothic style nave vaulting --<br/>Fig. 2.7 Mudéjar style nave ceiling --<br/>Fig. 2.8 Convento church of Saints Pedro y Pablo, Dzidzantún, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 2.9 Church and friary of the convento of San Agustín, Acolman --<br/>Fig. 2.10 Convento church of San Juan Bautista, Yecapixtla, Morelos --<br/>Fig. 2.11 Convento church and portería of Santa María Magdalena, Cuitzeo, Michoacán --<br/>Fig. 2.12 Convento church of San Agustín, Yuriria (formerly San Pablo), Guanajuato --<br/>Fig. 2.13 Detail, Yuriria church's west facade --<br/>Fig. 2.14 Cloister of the convento of San Miguel, Huejotzingo, Puebla --<br/>Fig. 2.15 Portería of the convento of Santa María Magdalena, Cuitzeo, Michoacán --<br/>Fig. 2.16 Last Judgment, mural --<br/>Fig. 2.17 Convento of San Francisco, Tlahuelilpa, Hidalgo --<br/>Fig. 2.18 Convento of Santiago, Cuilapan, Oaxaca --<br/>Fig. 2.19 Convento of Nuestra Señora, Izamal, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 2.20 Preconquest relief in facade of seventeenth-century Dominican church, Teotitlán del Valle, Oaxaca --<br/>Fig. 2.21 Exposed section of rejoneado masonry, convento of Los Santos Reyes, Metztitlán, Hidalgo --<br/>Fig. 2.22 Detail, Codex Vindobonensis --<br/>Fig. 2.23 Patio of the convento of San Gabriel, Cholula --<br/>Fig. 2.24 Patio de los Naranjos, Cathedral of Seville, Spain --<br/>Fig. 2.25 Interior of the convento church of San Gabriel, Cholula --<br/>Fig. 2.26 Founding of Tenochtitlan, frontispiece, Codex Mendoza --<br/>Fig. 2.27 Posa in patio of the convento of San Miguel, Huejotzingo, Puebla --<br/>Fig. 2.28 North door of the church of San Miguel, Huejotzingo, Puebla --<br/>Fig. 2.29 Fray Diego Valadés, engraving depicting the ideal convento patio --<br/>Fig. 2.30 Patio cross at the convento of San Agustín, Acolman, Mexico --<br/>Fig. 2.31 Detail, Codex Vindobonensis --<br/>Fig. 2.32 Cross on patio wall, convento of San Salvador, Malinalco, Mexico --<br/>Chapter 3 --<br/>Fig. 3.1 Rosary Chapel, convento of Asunción de Nuestra Señora, Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala --<br/>Fig. 3.2 Yucatán peninsula showing convento and visita sites mentioned in chapter 3 --<br/>Fig. 3.3 Cenote at Telchaquillo, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.4 Church at Tixpéhual, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.5 Church at Tecoh, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.6 Detail, western facade of church at Telchaquillo, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.7 Palapa house near Sudzal, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.8 Fray Diego Valadés, Human Sacrifice upon an Aztec Temple, engraving --<br/>Fig. 3.9 Open chapel at Dzibilchaltún, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.10 Convento of San Miguel, Maní, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.11 Prototypical sixteenth-century open chapel church in the Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.12 Church at Sudzal, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.13 Maya pyramid at Mayapán, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.14 Church at Tabí, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.15 Prototypical sixteenth-century open chapel church in the Yucatán with palapa ramada --<br/>Fig. 3.16 Reconstruction of a Classic Maya temple, Piedras Negras, Guatemala --<br/>Fig. 3.17 Seventh-Day Adventist chapel near Oxkutzcab, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.18 Convento of Nuestra Señora, Izamal, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.19 Shrine with three crosses marking the entrance road to Tabí, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.20 Prototypical sixteenth-century church in the Yucatán with masonry nave replacing palapa ramada --<br/>Fig. 3.21 Nave of the church at Calotmul, Yucatán, showing rollizo vaulting --<br/>Fig. 3.22 Detail, ruined church at Pixila (Cuauhtémoc), Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.23 Western facade espadaña of church at Cacalchen, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.24 Western facade espadaña of church at Yotholin, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.25 Western facade espadaña of church at Tixcuytún, Yucatán --<br/>Fig. 3.26 Frederick Catherwood, engraving, ruins of late Classic Maya temple "Dovecote" at Uxmal, Yucatán --<br/>Chapter 4 --<br/>Fig. 4.1 Saint Catherine of Siena, mural --<br/>Fig. 4.2 Saint Antonine of Florence, mural --<br/>Fig. 4.3 Diagram of Alberti's linear perspective "window" --<br/>Fig. 4.4 Detail, Raphael, School of Athens --<br/>Fig. 4.5 Fray Diego Valadés, Fray Pedro de Gante Preaching to the Indians, engraving --<br/>Fig. 4.6 Agony in the Garden, mural --<br/>Fig. 4.7 Flagellation of Christ, mural --<br/>Fig. 4.8 Fray Diego Valadés, The "Pagan Philosopher," engraving --<br/>Fig. 4.9 Fray Diego Valadés, The "Christian Philosopher," engraving --<br/>Fig. 4.10 Sebastiano Serlio, perspective rendering of an arched architectural bay, woodcut --<br/>Fig. 4.11 A typical Nahua screenfold manuscript unfolded --<br/>Fig. 4.12 Nahua deities Mictlantecuhtli and Quetzalcoatl, Codex Borgia --<br/>Chapter 5 --<br/>Fig. 5.1 Annunciation, Palacio Carvajal, Cáceres, Spain --<br/>Fig. 5.2 Scenes of Augustinian Heroes, mural --<br/>Fig. 5.3 Detail, mural, Actopan stair hall --<br/>Fig. 5.4 Detail, mural, Actopan stair hall --<br/>Fig. 5.5 Title page from Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdes's La historia general de las Indias --<br/>Fig. 5.6 Last Supper, mural --<br/>Fig. 5.7 Ecce Homo, mural --<br/>Fig. 5.8 Death and Coronation of the Virgin, mural --<br/>Fig. 5.9 Testera framed by an illusionistic doorway, convento of Santiago, Cuilapan, Oaxaca --<br/>Fig. 5.10 Prophets and Sibyls, mural --<br/>Fig. 5.11 Detail, Prophets and Sibyls, mural --<br/>Fig. 5.12 Last Judgment, relief carving, convento of San Andrés, Calpan, Puebla --<br/>Fig. 5.13 Last Judgment, woodcut from Nova contemplativa --<br/>Fig. 5.14 Detail, Virgin of Guadalupe, Basilica de Guadalupe, Mexico City --<br/>Fig. 5.15 Juan Gerson, scenes from the Old Testament and the Apocalypse, entryway ceiling, convento of La Asunción de la Virgen, Tecamachalco, Puebla --<br/>Fig. 5.16 Painted tequitqui molding around the wall in the convento of San Martin, Huaquechula, Puebla --<br/>Fig. 5.17 Title page of Fray Alfonso de Veracruz's Dialectica . . . Aristotelis --<br/>Fig. 5.18 Interior of the chapel, convento of San Francisco, La Rábida, Spain --<br/>Fig. 5.19 Painted illusionistic tequitqui molding around the cloister corridor wall, convento of San Martin, Huaquechula, Puebla --<br/>Chapter 6 --<br/>Fig. 6.1 Crèche with artificial pool with live animals and plants, San Juanito church, Malinalco, Mexico --<br/>Fig. 6.2 Detail, mural, south wall of the convento church of San Miguel, Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo --<br/>Fig. 6.3 Detail, mural, south wall of the convento church of San Miguel, Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo --<br/>Fig. 6.4 Detail, mural, south wall of the convento church of San Miguel, Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo --<br/>Fig. 6.5 Detail, mural, north wall of the convento church of San Miguel, Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo --<br/>Fig. 6.6 Detail, mural, south wall of the convento church of San Miguel, Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo --<br/>Chapter 7 --<br/>Fig. 7.1 Church of Santa Maria Sopra Minerva, Assisi, Italy --<br/>Fig. 7.2 Scenes from the Life of Saint Francis, Basilica of Saint Francis, Assisi --<br/>Fig. 7.3 Perspective overlay, Scenes from the Life of Saint Francis, Basilica of Saint Francis, Assisi --<br/>Fig. 7.4 Giotto, Scenes from the Life of the Virgin Mary, Arena Chapel, Padua --<br/>Fig. 7.5 Coronation of the Virgin, Basilica of Santa Maria de la Asunción, Arcos de la Frontera, Spain --<br/>Fig. 7.6 Crucifixion, Prado Museum, Madrid --<br/>Fig. 7.7 Pintoricchio, Scene from the Life of Pope Pius II --<br/>Fig. 7.8 Ancient Roman theater, Mérida, Spain --<br/>Fig. 7.9 Crucifixion, mural --<br/>Fig. 7.10 Martyrdoms of Augustinian Friars, cloister corridor, convento of San Miguel, Charo, Michoacán --<br/>Fig. 7.11 Open chapel–portería, convento of the Anunciación de Nuestra Señora, Cuernavaca, Morelos --<br/>Fig. 7.12 Open chapel, convento of Saints Pedro y Pablo, Teposcolula, Oaxaca --<br/>Fig. 7.13 Open chapel, convento of Saints Pedro y Pablo, Teposcolula, Oaxaca --<br/>Fig. 7.14 Open chapel, convento of Saints Pedro y Pablo, Teposcolula, Oaxaca --<br/>Fig. 7.15 Detail, the Codex Aubin --<br/>Fig. 7.16 Open chapel, convento of San Juan Bautista, Coixtlahuaca, Oaxaca --<br/>Fig. 7.17 Reproduction of detail from map showing the convento church above the Coixtlahuaca place-sign --<br/>Fig. 7.18 Place-sign of Coixtlahuaca as repeated relief motif, convento of San Juan Bautista, Coixtlahuaca, Oaxaca --<br/>Fig. 7.19 Open chapel at the convento of San Nicolás de Tolentino, Actopan, Hidalgo --<br/>Fig. 7.20 Detail, mural inside open chapel, convento of San Nicolás de Tolentino, Actopan, Hidalgo --<br/>Fig. 7.21 Detail, mural inside open chapel, convento of San Nicolás de Tolentino, Actopan, Hidalgo --<br/>Fig. 7.22 Detail, mural inside open chapel, convento of San Nicolás de Tolentino, Actopan, Hidalgo --<br/>Fig. 7.23 Open chapel, convento of San Luis Obispo, Tlalmanalco, Mexico --<br/>Fig. 7.24 Aztec deity Xochipilli, statue --<br/>Fig. 7.25 Detail, open chapel, convento of San Luis Obispo, Tlalmanalco, Mexico --<br/>Fig. 7.26 Detail, open chapel, convento of San Luis Obispo, Tlalmanalco, Mexico --<br/>Fig. 7.27 Central arch of open chapel, convento of San Luis Obispo, Tlalmanalco, Mexico --<br/>Chapter 8 --<br/>Fig. 8.1 Cloister, convento of San Andrés, Epazoyucan, Hidalgo --<br/>Fig. 8.2 Workshop of Rogier van der Weyden, detail, The Annunciation --<br/>Fig. 8.3 Virgin Immaculate, mural --<br/>Fig. 8.4 Crucifixion, mural --<br/>Fig. 8.5 Cloister corridor, convento of San Salvador, Malinalco, Mexico --<br/>Fig. 8.6 Temple of Eagle and Jaguar Knights, Malinalco, Mexico --<br/>Fig. 8.7 Portería facade, convento of San Salvador, Malinalco, Mexico --<br/>Fig. 8.8 Detail, portería facade, convento of San Salvador, Malinalco, Mexico --<br/>Fig. 8.9 Testera, cloister corridor, convento of San Salvador, Malinalco, Mexico --<br/>Fig. 8.10 Cloister corridor, convento of San Salvador, Malinalco, Mexico --<br/>Fig. 8.11 Detail, cloister corridor, convento of San Salvador, Malinalco, Mexico --<br/>Fig. 8.12 Detail, Codex Borbonicus --<br/>Fig. 8.13 Aztec 260-day ritual calendar --<br/>Fig. 8.14 Detail, cloister corridor wall, convento of San Salvador, Malinalco, Mexico --<br/>Fig. 8.15 Detail, Cacao Tree with Monkeys --<br/>Fig. 8.16 Detail, Coyotes --<br/>Fig. 8.17 Detail, Rabbit Eating Pomegranate --<br/>Fig. 8.18 Detail, Serpent Threatening Bird --<br/>Fig. 8.19 Detail, Codex Telleriano-Remensis --<br/>Fig. 8.20 Detail, mural, Chapel of the Miracle of the Rosary, convento of San Juan Bautista, Tetela del Volcán, Morelos --<br/>Chapter 9 --<br/>Fig. 9.1 Fray Diego Valadés, The Five Senses and the Human Brain, engraving --<br/>Fig. 9.2 Raphael, Portrait of Cardinal Tomaso Inghirami --<br/>Fig. 9.3 Guglielmus Leporeus, woodcut diagram of his House of Ten Places --<br/>Fig. 9.4 Fray Diego Valadés, Latin letters converted to pictographs, engraving --<br/>Fig. 9.5 Fray Diego Valadés, detail (from fig. 2.29), Fray Pedro de Gante teaching the Indians Testerian hieroglyphics --<br/>Chapter 10 --<br/>Fig. 10.1 Ruins of the Nuestra Señora de los Angeles pueblo church with kiva in foreground, Pecos, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 10.2 Church of San Francisco de Asís, Taos, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 10.3 Routes of Juan de Oñate's entradas into present-day U.S. Southwest --<br/>Fig. 10.4 Early seventeenth-century Pueblo Indian settlements and language groups along the Rio Grande and vicinity in eastern New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 10.5 Ruins of the San Isidro pueblo church, Las Humanas, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 10.6 Reconstruction of the first church of San Gregorio, Abó, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 10.7 Facade of the San Estévan church, Acoma Pueblo, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 10.8 Reconstruction of the second church of San Gregorio, Abó, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 10.9 Ruins of the Purísima Concepción church, Quarai, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 10.10 Plan of the church of San Isidro, Las Humanas, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 10.11 Ruins of the church of San Buenaventura, Las Humanas, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 10.12 Ruins of the church of San José de Giusewa, Jémez, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 10.13 Church of San Agustín, Isleta Pueblo, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 10.14 Church of San José, Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico --<br/>Chapter 11 --<br/>Fig. 11.1 Kiva at Chetro Ketl, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 11.2 Exterior of reconstructed kiva at Aztec Ruins National Monument, Aztec, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 11.3 Interior of reconstructed kiva at Aztec Ruins National Monument, Aztec, New Mexico<br/>Fig. 11.4 Ruins of the second church of San Gregorio, with kiva in its cloister, Abó, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 11.5 Plan of the church and convento of La Purísima Concepción, Quarai, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 11.6 Plan of the second church and convento of San Gregorio, Abó, New Mexico Fig. 11.7 Francesco Villamena, Jesuit church of Il Gesù, Rome, after 1586, engraving --<br/>Fig. 11.8 Reconstruction of lateral section through the Church of San José de Giusewa, Jémez, New Mexico, looking toward the altar --<br/>Fig. 11.9 Reconstruction of south elevation of the church and convento of La Purísima Concepción, Quarai, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 11.10 Parish church of San José de Gracia, Las Trampas, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 11.11 Interior, church of San José, Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 11.12 Reconstruction of longitudinal section through the second church of San Gregorio, Abó, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 11.13 Reconstruction of longitudinal section through the Church of San José de Giusewa, Jémez, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 11.14 Interior, church of San Agustín, Isleta Pueblo --<br/>Fig. 11.15 Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Miracle of Saint Theresa --<br/>Fig. 11.16 Plan of the convento and church of San Buenaventura, Las Humanas, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 11.17 Interior, kiva, Coronado State Park, Bernalillo, New Mexico --<br/>Fig. 11.18 Retablo with Saints and Synthronous Trinity, church of San José, Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico --<br/><br/> |